Optimization of Direct Ink Writing Process Parameters for Liquid Silicone Rubber/TiO2 Composite Ink

Year : 2025 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 06 | Page : 240 259
    By

    Jhunjhun Kumar Mishra,

  • Vishal Francis,

  1. PhD Research Scholar, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
  2. Associate Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to develop and optimize the Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR)/Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) composite inks in Direct Ink Writing (DIW)-based 3D printing systems. The primary research objective was to use enhancement of mechanical, rheological, and dielectric characteristics of LSR using TiO₂ reinforcement but still retain extrusion stability and dimensional consistency. TiO₂ content (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) and catalyst and glycerol ratios were regulated and were used to prepare four ink formulations. To determine the structure-property relationships, the materials have been and were characterized through rotational rheometry, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the analysis, it was found out that the 5 wt% TiO₂ composition displayed the best rheological characteristics with shear-thinning viscosity, which allowed DIW extrusion, good dispersion of the nanoparticle, and good adhesion of the particles to the silicone matrix. SEM analysis proved to be homogenous and possessing low agglomeration at this concentration, and XRD and FTIR confirmed stability of the phases and chemical compatibility of TiO₂ and LSR. Part fabrication experiments further confirmed rapid extrusion, smooth deposition, and high dimensional fidelity at 390 mm/min print speed and 60° substrate temperature. The overall results of the research identify the LSR/TiO₂ (5 wt%) as the best formulation in the functional elastomeric 3D printing with better print quality, mechanical strength, and printability reliability in flexible electronics and biomedical applications.

Keywords: Direct Ink Writing, Liquid Silicone Rubber, Titanium Dioxide, Dielectric Properties, SEM

[This article belongs to Journal of Polymer and Composites ]

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How to cite this article:
Jhunjhun Kumar Mishra, Vishal Francis. Optimization of Direct Ink Writing Process Parameters for Liquid Silicone Rubber/TiO2 Composite Ink. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2025; 13(06):240-259.
How to cite this URL:
Jhunjhun Kumar Mishra, Vishal Francis. Optimization of Direct Ink Writing Process Parameters for Liquid Silicone Rubber/TiO2 Composite Ink. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2025; 13(06):240-259. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2025/view=233033


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Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 13
Issue 06
Received 04/11/2025
Accepted 12/11/2025
Published 22/11/2025
Publication Time 18 Days
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