Green Renewable Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in a Polymer-Enzyme Composite for Wastewater Treatment in Hail, Saudi Arabia

Year : 2025 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 06 | Page : 297 305
    By

    Mamdouh Alshammari,

  1. Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, College of Science, University of hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Effective wastewater treatment through green and sustainable approach is one of the primaries concerning issue of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to resolve water scarcity. KSA has witnessed massive industrial development over the last four decades alongwith majorly generate wastewater pollution. Therefore, sustainable wastewater treatment is among primary research goal of KSA and current study is also targeted in this direction. Henceforth, The objective of the present study is to treat KSA wastewater samples using a green, sustainable, and renewable approach, by leveraging a composite treatment based on iron‐oxide nanoparticles and polymer-enzyme conjugates. In present study iron-oxide nanoparticles, synthesized via a green method, were conjugated with lignocellulolytic enzymes. These enzymes were produced by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of a polymeric, nature-based dry sludge feedstock. Three wastewater samples collected from KSA have been characterized before and after treatment and characterizations include color change, pH, BOD, COD and TS. These factors showed significant reduction after treatment. Additionally, Maximum  enzyme 47 U/mL laccasse, 30 U/L FP, 59 U/mL EG and 67 U/mL BGL were produced in optimum 96 h of incubation of SSF at 4 g concentration of substrate. Additionally, effective biodegradation of wastewater samples were recorded at different concentration of Fe-En composite. Further, at optimum 3% of Fe-En Composite, 97%, 98% and 98% pollutants degradation were recorded in 48h. This research work shows promising potential in wastewater treatment of KSA.

Keywords: Green synthesis; renewable method; nanoparticle; polymer; KSA; wastewater treatment; Nanocomposite

[This article belongs to Journal of Polymer and Composites ]

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How to cite this article:
Mamdouh Alshammari. Green Renewable Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in a Polymer-Enzyme Composite for Wastewater Treatment in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2025; 13(06):297-305.
How to cite this URL:
Mamdouh Alshammari. Green Renewable Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in a Polymer-Enzyme Composite for Wastewater Treatment in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2025; 13(06):297-305. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2025/view=232852


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Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 13
Issue 06
Received 15/11/2025
Accepted 19/11/2025
Published 25/11/2025
Publication Time 10 Days
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