Mechanical Property Assessment of Hybrid Composite Laminates Composed of Jute Glass Fibers in Combination with Flax, Hemp, Sisal and Kenaf Fibers Using the Hand Layup Technique

Year : 2025 | Volume : 13 | Special Issue 04 | Page : 103 113
    By

    Abdul Rehman,

  • G.S. Lathkar,

  • V. B. Suryawanshi,

  • M. Zubairuddin,

  1. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MGM’s College of Engineering, Nanded, Maharshtra, India
  2. Director, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MGM’s College of Engineering, Nanded, Maharshtra, India
  3. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Mumbai, Maharshtra, India
  4. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present work compares the properties of various hybrid composite laminates manufactured using the hand layup technique and addresses their production process, based on glass fiber as the exterior layer and natural fibers (flax, hemp, kenaf, jute, and sisal) as interior layers, in an epoxy resin. Five stacking sequences A-GJJJJG, B-GFJJFG, C-GHJJHG, D-GKJJKG, and E-GJSSJG were used to prepare the test specimens. According to ASTM guidelines, experiments were performed to determine tensile, flexural and impact behavior. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to evaluate fracture surfaces. The mechanical performance of laminates A and C appears to be superior among all five laminates. It is found that the stacking sequence affects the mechanical performance of the hybrid laminates considerably. Hemp (GHJJHG) containing laminates had highest tensile strength, whereas the laminate having jute (GJJJJG) exhibited the highest flexural strength and impact resistance. The presence of good interfacial adhesion between the hemp fibers and the matrix, as determined from the SEM analysis, was found to contribute to the better mechanical properties observed. One of the most significant advantages of natural fiber composites is their biodegradability. Synthetic and natural fibers can be effectively combined to form composites that provide an optimum balance between strength, weight, cost and environmental consideration. It is the ability to customize these materials by choosing specific fiber types and stacking sequences that makes them even more versatile making them suitable for a wide range of applications across various industries.

Keywords: Hybridization, natural fiber, mechanical testing, SEM, hand layup.

[This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Journal of Polymer and Composites (jopc)]

aWQ6MjE0NjM3fGZpbGVuYW1lOjY2YzA2NGJkLWZpLmF2aWZ8c2l6ZTp0aHVtYm5haWw=
How to cite this article:
Abdul Rehman, G.S. Lathkar, V. B. Suryawanshi, M. Zubairuddin. Mechanical Property Assessment of Hybrid Composite Laminates Composed of Jute Glass Fibers in Combination with Flax, Hemp, Sisal and Kenaf Fibers Using the Hand Layup Technique. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2025; 13(04):103-113.
How to cite this URL:
Abdul Rehman, G.S. Lathkar, V. B. Suryawanshi, M. Zubairuddin. Mechanical Property Assessment of Hybrid Composite Laminates Composed of Jute Glass Fibers in Combination with Flax, Hemp, Sisal and Kenaf Fibers Using the Hand Layup Technique. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2025; 13(04):103-113. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2025/view=214645


Browse Figures

References

  1. Kumar, A., Shah, P. K., Singh, R., Chand, A., Yadav, S., & Ram, S. C. . Synthesis and mechanical characterization of natural fibre polymer matrix laminated hybrid composites reinforced with glass-fibre and flax-fibre synthesized by hand-lay-up techniques. International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Materials, ICACCM 2022. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCM56405.2022.10009451
  2. Nugraha AD, Nuryanta MI, Sean L, Budiman K, Kusni M, Muflikhun MA. Recent Progress on Natural Fibers Mixed with CFRP and GFRP: Properties, Characteristics, and Failure Behaviour. Polymers 2022;14(23):5138. doi:10.3390/polym14235138
  3. Basrani J, Kumar R, Kumar P. An Experimental Study of Static and Dynamic Behavior of the Hybrid Composite. J Nat Fibers 2022;19(17):15475–15487. doi:10.1080/15440478.2022.2128146
  4. Meenakshi CM, Krishnamoorthy A. Mechanical Characterization and Comparative Evaluation of the Different Combination of Natural and Glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Composites. Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Ind.l Engg. (Vol. Part F45, pp. 93–101). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76276-0_10
  5. Muthuvel M, Ranganath G, Janarthanan K, Srinivasan K. Characterization Study Of Jute And Glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composite Material. Int J Eng Res Technol 2013;2(4). Available from: https://www.ijert.org/research/characterization-study-of-jute-and-glass-fiber-reinforced-hybrid-composite-material-IJERTV2IS4188.pdf
  6. Bambach MR. Direct Comparison of the Structural Compression Characteristics of Natural and Synthetic Fiber-Epoxy Composites: Flax, Jute, Hemp, Glass and Carbon Fibers. Fibers 2020;8(10):62. doi:10.3390/FIB8100062
  7. Panico M, Cozzolino E, Papa I, Taha I, Lopresto V. An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Flax/Basalt Epoxy Hybrid Composites from a Sustainability Perspective. Polymers 2024;16(19):2839. doi:10.3390/polym16192839
  8. Tamrakar S, Kiziltas A, Mielewski D, Zander R. Characterization of kenaf and glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites for underbody shield applications. Compos B Eng 2021;216. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108805
  9. Karthick L, Sivakumar S, Sasikumar A, Prabhu A, Senthil Kumar J, Vadivukarasi L. A comparison and analysis of mechanical properties of glass fiber and banana fiber composite. In: Mater Today Proc. Elsevier Ltd; 2022, pp. 398–402. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.073
  10. Sanjay MR, Yogesha B. Studies on hybridization effect of jute/kenaf/E-glass woven fabric epoxy composites for potential applications: Effect of laminate stacking sequences. J Ind Text 2018;47(7):1830–1848. doi:10.1177/1528083717710713
  11. Wagh J, Madgule M, Awadhani LV. Investigative studies on the mechanical behavior of Jute, Sisal, Hemp, and glass fiber-based composite material. Mater Today Proc doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.12.101
  12. Pickering KL, Efendy MGA, Le TM. A review of recent developments in natural fibre composites and their mechanical performance. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2016;83:98–112. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.038
  13. Rehman A, Lathkar GS. An Investigation into Carbon/Epoxy Composites for Conceptual Design of Automobile Vehicle Under Various Loads. In: Proceedings- International Conference on Advancements in Interdisciplinary Research. Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT) Allahabad; 2022. Available from: https://www.riverpublishers.com/pdf/ebook/RP_P9788770228282_ebook.pdf
  14. Selver E, Dalfi H, Yousaf Z. Investigation of the impact and post-impact behaviour of glass and glass/natural fibre hybrid composites made with various stacking sequences: Experimental and theoretical analysis. J Ind Text 2022;51(8):1264–1294. doi:10.1177/1528083719900670
  15. Khalid MY, Arif ZU, Sheikh MF, Nasir MA. Mechanical characterization of glass and jute fiber-based hybrid composites fabricated through compression molding technique. Int J Mater Form 2021;14(5):1085–1095. doi:10.1007/s12289-021-01624-w
  16. Rajak DK, Pagar DD, Menezes PL, Linul E. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites: Manufacturing, properties, and applications. Polymers 2019;11(10). doi:10.3390/polym11101667
  17. Selver E, Ucar N, Gulmez T. Effect of stacking sequence on tensile, flexural and thermomechanical properties of hybrid flax/glass and jute/glass thermoset composites. J Ind Text 2018;48(2):494–520. doi:10.1177/1528083717736102
  18. Malalli CS, Ramji BR. Mechanical characterization of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites and their application in Prosthesis: A review. Mater Today Proc 2022;62:3435–3443. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.276
  19. Sinha AK, Narang HK, Bhattacharya S. Mechanical properties of natural fibre polymer composites. J Polym Eng 2017;37(9):879–895. doi:10.1515/polyeng-2016-0362
  20. Das SC, et al. Effect of stacking sequence on the performance of hybrid natural/synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates. Compos Struct 2021;276. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114525
  21. Vinod A, et al. Jute/Hemp bio-epoxy hybrid bio-composites: Influence of stacking sequence on adhesion of fiber-matrix. Int J Adhes Adhes 2022;113. doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2021.103050
  22. Petrucci R, Santulli C, Puglia D, Sarasini F, Torre L, Kenny JM. Mechanical characterisation of hybrid composite laminates based on basalt fibres in combination with flax, hemp and glass fibres manufactured by vacuum infusion. Mater Des 2013;49:728–735. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.02.014
  23. Wajid Ali Hashmi, Abdul Rehman, G.S. Lathkar, P.R. Attar, M. Zubairuddin, Investigating the Combined Effect of FDM 3D Printing Parameters on Tensile Behavior of ABS Plastic Using Taguchi Method. Journal of Polymer & Composites ISSN: 2321-2810 (Online) ISSN: 2321-8525 (Print) Volume 12, Special Issue 5, 2024 DOI (Journal): 10.37591/JoPC
  24. Venkatesh, B., Gandhimathi, G., Nagabhooshanam, N. Gadde Raghu Babu, Dhanesh Babu S D, Karedla Lakshmi Kishore, Kota Marathi Vijay, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Effect of submicron pore sized waste coffee emesis biochar on glass–epoxy composite thermal interface material. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05558-6
  25. ] Kishore, K. L., Padal, K. T. B., & Raju, D. R. (2023). Experimental investigations of microstructural and mechanical behaviour of Aluminium Alloy 7075 hybrid nanocomposites. Composites Theory and Practice, 23(4), 226–234. https://doi.org/10.62753/ctp.2023.07.4.4.
  26. Palanisamy S, Kalimuthu M, Azeez A, Palaniappan M, Dharmalingam S, Nagarajan R, Santulli C. Wear Properties and Post-Moisture Absorption Mechanical Behavior of Kenaf/Banana-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites. Fibers. 2022; 10(4):32. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib10040032
  27. Palanisamy, S., Kalimuthu, M., Santulli, C., Palaniappan, M., Nagarajan, R., & Fragassa, C. (2023). Tailoring Epoxy Composites with Acacia caesia Bark Fibers: Evaluating the Effects of Fiber Amount and Length on Material Characteristics. Fibers, 11(7), 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib11070063
  28. Palanisamy, S., Kalimuthu, M., Palaniappan, M., Alavudeen, A., Rajini, N., Santulli, C., … Al-Lohedan, H. (2021). Characterization of Acacia caesia Bark Fibers (ACBFs). Journal of Natural Fibers, 19(15), 10241–10252. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.1993493
  29. Palanisamy, S., Mayandi, K., Palaniappan, M., Alavudeen, A., Rajini, N., Vannucchi de Camargo, F., & Santulli, C. (2021). Mechanical Properties of Phormium Tenax Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites. Fibers, 9(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib9020011
  30. Karthik, A., Bhuvaneshwaran, M., Senthil Kumar, M.S., Palanisamy, S., Palaniappan, M., & Ayrilmis, N. (2024). A Review on Surface Modification of Plant Fibers for Enhancing Properties of Biocomposites. ChemistrySelect.
  31. Palaniappan, M., Palanisamy, S., Khan, R. et al. Synthesis and suitability characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from Citrus x sinensis sweet orange peel fruit waste-based biomass for polymer composite applications. J Polym Res 31, 105 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03946-0.
Special Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 13
Special Issue 04
Received 07/02/2025
Accepted 21/03/2025
Published 15/05/2025
Publication Time 97 Days
138


My IP

PlumX Metrics