An Overview of Composite Materials: Historical Development, Classification, and Advancements in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites

Year : 2025 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 02 | Page : 158 175
    By

    Arup Kar,

  • Dip Saikia,

  • Sivasubramanian Palanisamy,

  • Narayanasamy Pandiarajan,

  1. Research Scholar, Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
  2. Principal, Department of Physics and General Administration, Digboi College, Digboi, Assam, India
  3. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P T R College of Engineering & Technology, Thanapandiyan Nagar, Madurai-Tirumangalam Road, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
  4. Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Composite materials have brought about a paradigm shift in numerous industries by integrating distinct components to improve material performance. Consisting of a matrix and reinforcement, composites synergistically combine the unique properties of each constituent to deliver superior strength, enhanced durability, and remarkable flexibility. These attributes have made composite materials indispensable in diverse fields such as automotive, aerospace, construction, and marine engineering. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the historical development and functionality of composite materials, offering insights into their evolution and various classifications based on the reinforcing materials and matrix. A particular focus is given to the importance of natural fibers, delving into their chemical compositions and examining the diverse surface treatment techniques used to optimize the interaction between the fibers and the matrix material. Furthermore, the article investigates the widely adopted fabrication methods for natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs), including injection molding, hand lay-up, resin transfer molding, and compression molding. These methods are analyzed to highlight their advantages and applications in achieving high-performance composite structures. By addressing these aspects, the review seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of composite materials, their multifaceted applications, and the ongoing advancements aimed at enhancing their performance, sustainability, and cost-efficiency. This exploration is intended to guide future research, fostering innovative approaches to elevate the potential of composite materials in addressing the growing demands of modern engineering and industry.

Keywords: Natural fiber composites, Lignocellulosic fibers, Mechanical characteristics, Thermal stability, Polymers.

[This article belongs to Journal of Polymer and Composites ]

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How to cite this article:
Arup Kar, Dip Saikia, Sivasubramanian Palanisamy, Narayanasamy Pandiarajan. An Overview of Composite Materials: Historical Development, Classification, and Advancements in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2025; 13(02):158-175.
How to cite this URL:
Arup Kar, Dip Saikia, Sivasubramanian Palanisamy, Narayanasamy Pandiarajan. An Overview of Composite Materials: Historical Development, Classification, and Advancements in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2025; 13(02):158-175. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2025/view=198836


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 13
Issue 02
Received 16/01/2025
Accepted 07/02/2025
Published 15/02/2025
Publication Time 30 Days
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