Comprehensive Study of Least Squares Estimation in Fast Fading MIMO-OFDM Systems

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Year : 2025 | Volume : 12 | Issue : 01 | Page : 13 21
    By

    Pragya Choudhary,

  • Sandeep Shukla,

  1. M. Tech Scholar, Department of Digital Communications, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
  2. Assistant professor, Department of Digital Communications, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

MIMO-OFDM technology is now the foundation for modern wireless communication systems, allowing dramatic improvements in spectral efficiency, power efficiency, and transmission rate. On the other hand, the least accurate channel estimation is still a critical task, especially when they are in fast-fading environments. This study gives a comprehensive survey of LSE-based approaches and their applications on different fast-fading channel models for MIMO-OFDM systems. Techniques like Pilot Assisted Channel Estimation (PACE), Decision Directed Channel Estimation (DDCE), and Data Aided Channel Estimation (DACE) are examined, their advantages and disadvantages, and to what extend these techniques can be suited for application in dynamic environments. Deep learning-based approaches, including Fully Connected Deep Neural Networks (FDNN) and Convolutional Neural Networks Auto Encoder (CNNAE), offer a transformative approach in raising estimation accuracy. Additionally, emerging trends like compressive sensing for sparse millimeter-wave channels and 6G technologies are explored. This study aims to bridge existing research gaps, offering a roadmap for future innovations in channel estimation techniques and their applications in next-generation wireless networks. The significance of Least Squares (LS) estimate in the context of MIMO-OFDM systems, particularly in fast-fading scenarios, is outlined in this article along with its goal of analysing and contrasting LS estimation methods. An overview of MIMO-OFDM Systems provided a quick explanation of the technologies of MIMO and OFDM as well as their combined importance in contemporary systems for wireless communication. The impact of fast-fading pathways on signal reliability and the significance of precise channel estimates are discussed in It Challenges in Fast-Fading Environments. Least Squares Estimation’s function is to present LS estimation as a basic channel estimation method and highlight its applicability in preventing fast fading.

Keywords: MIMO-OFDM, Channel Estimation, Least Squares Estimation (LSE), Deep Learning, Fast-Fading Channels, 5G and 6G Wireless Networks

[This article belongs to Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies ]

How to cite this article:
Pragya Choudhary, Sandeep Shukla. Comprehensive Study of Least Squares Estimation in Fast Fading MIMO-OFDM Systems. Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies. 2024; 12(01):13-21.
How to cite this URL:
Pragya Choudhary, Sandeep Shukla. Comprehensive Study of Least Squares Estimation in Fast Fading MIMO-OFDM Systems. Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies. 2024; 12(01):13-21. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jomet/article=2024/view=191046


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 12
Issue 01
Received 02/12/2024
Accepted 09/12/2024
Published 16/12/2024
Publication Time 14 Days
228

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