An Insight Review of Autonomous Vehicle Architecture, Sensors, and Challenges

Year : 2025 | Volume : 12 | Issue : 01 | Page : 29 42
    By

    Qutaiba I. Ali,

  • Zeina Ali M.,

  1. Professor, Department Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
  2. Lecturer, Department Computer and Information Engineering, College of Electronics Engineering, Ninevah University, Mosul, Iraq

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are revolutionizing transportation by integrating advanced sensors, artificial intelligence, and communication networks to enhance safety and efficiency. This review explores the architecture of AVs, focusing on perception, localization, path planning, and control. A detailed analysis of AV sensors, including LiDAR (light detection and ranging), radar, cameras, and inertial navigation systems, highlights their roles, advantages, and limitations. Additionally, the paper examines in-vehicle and inter-vehicle communication networks, such as CAN (controller area network), LIN (local interconnect network), FlexRay, and Ethernet, which facilitate real-time data exchange. The study also addresses the key challenges AVs face, including cybersecurity threats, data processing, legal policies, and ethical concerns. By synthesizing recent advancements and ongoing challenges, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the state of AV technologies and their future prospects.

Keywords: Autonomous vehicles, advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS), sensor fusion, LiDAR, radar, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, in-vehicle networks, cybersecurity, path planning, artificial intelligence, smart transportation

[This article belongs to Journal of Advancements in Robotics ]

How to cite this article:
Qutaiba I. Ali, Zeina Ali M.. An Insight Review of Autonomous Vehicle Architecture, Sensors, and Challenges. Journal of Advancements in Robotics. 2025; 12(01):29-42.
How to cite this URL:
Qutaiba I. Ali, Zeina Ali M.. An Insight Review of Autonomous Vehicle Architecture, Sensors, and Challenges. Journal of Advancements in Robotics. 2025; 12(01):29-42. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/joarb/article=2025/view=204109


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 12
Issue 01
Received 17/02/2025
Accepted 19/02/2025
Published 19/03/2025
Publication Time 30 Days
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