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Tshetiz Dahal,
- General Physician and Clinical Researcher, Department of Medicine and Surgery Lugansk State Medical University, Lypnia St. Rivne, Ukraine Research Committee Head, Magister Chirurgiae “ A Global Surgical Society”, Ukraine, Europe
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) continues to represent a major global health challenge despite the remarkable success of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although ART effectively suppresses viral replication and prolongs survival, it cannot eradicate the virus due to the persistence of long-lived latent reservoirs. In recent years, innovative therapeutic strategies have been explored with the aim of achieving either a functional remission or complete viral elimination. Advances in genome-editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas systems, have enabled precise targeting of integrated viral DNA, offering the possibility of permanently disrupting proviral genomes or modifying host genes required for viral entry. At the same time, immunotherapeutic approaches—including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs), and therapeutic vaccination—seek to enhance immune-mediated clearance of infected cells. Additional strategies such as latency-reversing agents and transcriptional silencing approaches aim to expose or permanently suppress latent viral reservoirs. Despite promising preclinical findings, several translational barriers remain, including delivery efficiency, safety concerns, viral genetic variability, and long-term therapeutic durability. This review summarises recent progress in gene-editing and immune-based interventions targeting HIV-1 persistence and discusses future perspectives for developing curative therapies.
Keywords: HIV-1, CRISPR, gene editing, viral reservoirs, CAR T-cell therapy, broadly neutralising antibodies
Tshetiz Dahal. Overcoming Obstacles to an HIV-1 Cure: Advances in Genome Editing, Immune System Reprogramming, and Viral Reservoir Elimination. International Journal of Virus Studies. 2026; 03(02):-.
Tshetiz Dahal. Overcoming Obstacles to an HIV-1 Cure: Advances in Genome Editing, Immune System Reprogramming, and Viral Reservoir Elimination. International Journal of Virus Studies. 2026; 03(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijvs/article=2026/view=249772
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International Journal of Virus Studies
| Volume | 03 |
| 02 | |
| Received | 29/06/2026 |
| Accepted | 02/07/2026 |
| Published | 15/07/2026 |
| Publication Time | 16 Days |
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