Bacteriophages- A New Frontier in Medicine

Notice

This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2024 | Volume :01 | Issue : 02 | Page : –
By
vector

Aryamaan Sethi,

vector

Madhu Y,

vector

Aishwarya Mantri,

vector

Shubham Jaju,

  1. Research Scholar, Government Medical College, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
  2. Senior Resident, Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Suryapet, Telangana, India
  3. Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
  4. Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_abs_112648’);});Edit Abstract & Keyword

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically target and infect bacteria, offering an innovative alternative to traditional antibiotic treatments, especially in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. The resurgence of phage therapy has been driven by the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and the slowdown in the development of new antibiotics. Phages, unlike antibiotics, target specific bacterial strains, reducing the impact on the natural microbiota and potentially offering a safer and more precise treatment. However, the clinical application of bacteriophages presents several challenges. One major issue is bacterial resistance to phages, similar to antibiotic resistance. Bacteria can evade phages by altering receptors or employing defense mechanisms to block phage DNA injection. Another concern is phage-induced lysis, which may release harmful bacterial toxins into the body. Additionally, phages can transmit genetic material, such as virulence factors or antibiotic resistance genes, to the microbiome, which brings up potential safety issues. Another challenge is the immune system’s response to bacteriophages, as the body might identify them as foreign agents and remove them before they can perform their intended function. The specificity of phages, while advantageous in reducing harm to non-target bacteria, complicates treatment, requiring personalized phage cocktails tailored to each infection, making standardization and large-scale production difficult. Despite these hurdles, bacteriophage therapy holds significant promise as a complementary or alternative approach to antibiotics, particularly in addressing infections that no longer respond to conventional treatments. Ongoing research and clinical trials are critical to understanding and mitigating the limitations of phage therapy to integrate it successfully into modern medical practice​.

Keywords: Virus, Bacteriophage, Multi-drug-resistant bacteria, Bacterial resistance, specificity, Phage therapy

[This article belongs to International Journal of Virus Studies (ijvs)]

How to cite this article:
Aryamaan Sethi, Madhu Y, Aishwarya Mantri, Shubham Jaju. Bacteriophages- A New Frontier in Medicine. International Journal of Virus Studies. 2024; 01(02):-.
How to cite this URL:
Aryamaan Sethi, Madhu Y, Aishwarya Mantri, Shubham Jaju. Bacteriophages- A New Frontier in Medicine. International Journal of Virus Studies. 2024; 01(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijvs/article=2024/view=0

Full Text PDF

Full Text PDF

References
document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_ref_112648’);});Edit

  1. Łusiak-Szelachowska M, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Żaczek M, Borysowski J, Górski A. The presence of bacteriophages in the human body: good, bad or neutral? Microorganisms [Internet]. 2020; 8 (12):2012. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8122012
  2. Principi N, Silvestri E, Esposito S. Advantages and limitations of bacteriophages for the treatment of bacterial infections. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10: 513. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00513
  3. Kakasis A, Panitsa G. Bacteriophage therapy as an alternative treatment for human infections: a comprehensive review. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2019;53(1):16–21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.004
  4. Kasman LM, Porter LD. Bacteriophages. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024.
  5. Ptashne M. Lambda’s switch: lessons from a module swap. Curr Biol. 2006;16(12)–62.
  6. Kakasis A, Panitsa G. Bacteriophage therapy as an alternative treatment for human infections: a comprehensive review. Int J Antimicrob Agents [Internet]. 2018;53(1):16–21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.004
  7. Domingo-Calap P, Delgado-Martínez J. Bacteriophages: protagonists of a post-antibiotic era. Antibiotics (Basel) [Internet]. 2018;7(3):66. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7030066
  8. Bogovazova GG, Voroshilova NN, Bondarenko VM. The efficacy of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage in the therapy of experimental Klebsiella infection. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1991;(4):5–8.
  9. Bogovazova GG, Voroshilova NN, Bondarenko VM, Gorbatkova GA, Afanas’eva EV, Kazakova TB, et al. Immunobiological properties and therapeutic effectiveness of preparations from Klebsiella bacteriophages. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1992;(3):30–3.
  10. Reindel R, Fiore CR. Phage therapy: considerations and challenges for development. Clin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2017;64(11):1589–90. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/64/11/1589/3058816
  11. Vandenheuvel D, Lavigne R, Brüssow H. Bacteriophage therapy: advances in formulation strategies and human clinical trials. Annu Rev Virol. 2015;2:599–618. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-100114-054915
  12. Seed KD. Battling phages: how bacteria defend against viral attack. PLoS Pathog [Internet]. 2015;11(6) Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004847
  13. Torres-Barceló C. Phage therapy faces evolutionary challenges. Viruses [Internet]. 2018;10(6):323. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10060323
  14. Kaźmierczak Z, Piotrowicz A, Owczarek B, Hodyra K, Miernikiewicz P, Lecion D, et al. Molecular imaging of T4 phage in mammalian tissues and cells. Bacteriophage [Internet]. 2014;4(1) Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/bact.28364
  15. Srivastava AS, Kaido T, Carrier E. Immunological factors that affect the in vivo fate of T7 phage in the mouse. J Virol Methods [Internet]. 2004;115(1):99–104. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2003.09.009
Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 01
Issue 02
Received 22/09/2024
Accepted 24/10/2024
Published 12/11/2024
248

function myFunction2() {
var x = document.getElementById(“browsefigure”);
if (x.style.display === “block”) {
x.style.display = “none”;
}
else { x.style.display = “Block”; }
}
document.querySelector(“.prevBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {
changeSlides(-1);
});
document.querySelector(“.nextBtn”).addEventListener(“click”, () => {
changeSlides(1);
});
var slideIndex = 1;
showSlides(slideIndex);
function changeSlides(n) {
showSlides((slideIndex += n));
}
function currentSlide(n) {
showSlides((slideIndex = n));
}
function showSlides(n) {
var i;
var slides = document.getElementsByClassName(“Slide”);
var dots = document.getElementsByClassName(“Navdot”);
if (n > slides.length) { slideIndex = 1; }
if (n (item.style.display = “none”));
Array.from(dots).forEach(
item => (item.className = item.className.replace(” selected”, “”))
);
slides[slideIndex – 1].style.display = “block”;
dots[slideIndex – 1].className += ” selected”;
}