Alopecia Areata: Complex Roots and Potential Cures

Year : 2024 | Volume :01 | Issue : 01 | Page : 41-54
By

    Vidit Deshpande

  1. Kedar P. Navsariwala

  2. Atharva Shinde1

  3. Adri Raj Saha

  4. Navyansh Asthana

  1. Student, Department of Biotechnology, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, India
  2. , Department of Biotechnology, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, India
  3. , Department of Biotechnology, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, India
  4. , Department of Biotechnology, Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Autoimmunity is when the healthy organs of an individual’s body are attacked by its own immune system, leading to illness or functional abnormalities. The hair follicles (HFs) are wrongly destroyed by the immune system in a condition known as Alopecia Areata and results in chronic non-cicatricial hair loss discernible by spherical patches. It’s a severely worsening or relapsing malady that can be permanent during severe falling out of hair. In ‘Alopecia areata’, the phenomenon of lymphocytic penetration is also detected during the ‘anagen phase’ of proliferating HFs. The ‘JAK-STAT’ pathway is a critical factor that carries out the coordination of the self-inflammatory system (‘Immune system’), helps in polarizing ‘T-helper cells’, and carries out multiple functions via several transmembrane receptor families. A major participant in alopecia areata is the infiltrating interferons ‘IFN-γ’ and the ‘TNF-α’ in the HF. This compensates HF’s immunity and upregulates the expression of MHC-I. Importantly, the SOCS-3 protein exercises a major part in preventing CD8+ T cell maturation and IFNγ signaling. Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) also appears prevalent in AA victims. The objective covered in the review article is to converse about the diverse immunological, molecular, therapeutic elements in addition to the clinical assessments and their findings that result in loss of hair in AA subjects.

Keywords: Autoimmunity, Alopecia areata, Hair loss, JAK-STAT, SOCS-3

[This article belongs to International Journal of Vaccines(ijv)]

How to cite this article: Vidit Deshpande, Kedar P. Navsariwala, Atharva Shinde1, Adri Raj Saha, Navyansh Asthana , Alopecia Areata: Complex Roots and Potential Cures ijv 2024; 01:41-54
How to cite this URL: Vidit Deshpande, Kedar P. Navsariwala, Atharva Shinde1, Adri Raj Saha, Navyansh Asthana , Alopecia Areata: Complex Roots and Potential Cures ijv 2024 {cited 2024 Mar 27};01:41-54. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijv/article=2024/view=136002


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 01
Issue 01
Received February 4, 2024
Accepted February 15, 2024
Published March 27, 2024
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