Akanksha V. Pisolkar
- Assistant Professor, K.K.Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research, Nashik, , India
Abstract
Groundwater contaminants in rural areas often include chlorides and hardness. Nowadays, due to water scarcity, there is a need to utilize groundwater for construction purposes. According to IS 456:2000, the chloride content in water used for mixing and curing concrete must not exceed 2000 mg/l for plain concrete and 500 mg/l for reinforced concrete work. An excess amount of chloride in water causes the deterioration of structures. Concrete durability and strength can be compromised by hard water, characterized by elevated mineral levels. This study aims to devise an efficient treatment system capable of lowering chloride and hardness concentrations in groundwater to acceptable levels while minimizing treatment costs. The water hyacinth plant is used as a natural absorbent in this process. The adsorption capacity of water hyacinth is determined through studies, including parameters such as the initial concentration of influent, contact time of influent and absorbent layer, and flow rate of influent. This study shows that the chloride content of the water sample is reduced by 17%-20%, and the hardness is reduced by 20-25%.
Keywords: Water Hyacinth, Natural Absorbent, Chloride ions, Hardness, Biodegradability
[This article belongs to International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control(ijppc)]
Browse Figures
References
[1] Namasivayam C., Muniasamy N., Gayatri K., Rani M., Ranganathan K., Removal of dyes from aqueous solutions by cellulosic waste orange peel, Bioresource Technology 57(1996) 1, 37- 43.
[2] Singh D., Srivastava B., Removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions by chemically treated Psidium guajava leaves, Indian Journal of Environmental Health 41(1999) 4, 333-345.
[3] Annadurai G., Juang R.S., Lee D.J., Use of cellulose-based wastes for adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions, Journal of Hazardous Materials 92(2002) 3, 263- 274.
[4] Inbaraj B.S., Sulochana N., Basic dye adsorption on a low cost carbonaceous sorbent – Kinetic and equilibrium studies, Indian Journal of Chemical Technology 9(2002) 3, 201-208.
[5] Namasivayam C., Kavitha D., Removal of Congo Red from water by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from coir pith, an agricultural solid waste, Dyes and Pigments 54(2002)1, 47-58.
[6] Kazemian H., Modarres H., Mobtaker H.G., Evaluating the performance of an Iranian natural clinoptilolite and its synthetic zeolite P for removal of Cerium and Thorium from nuclear wastewaters, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 258 (2003) 551-556
[7] Malik P.K., Dye removal from wastewater using activated carbon developed from sawdust: adsorption equilibrium and kinetics, Journal of Hazardous Materials 113(2004)1-3,81-88.
[8] Bhattacharyya K.G., Sharma A., Kinetics and thermodynamics of methylene blue adsorption on neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder, Dyes and Pigments 65(2005)1,51-59.
[9] Catalfamo P., Arrigo I., Primerano P., Corigliano F., Efficiency of a zeolitized pumice waste as a low-cost heavy metals adsorbent, Journal of Hazardous Materials 134(2006)13,140143.
[10] Gong R., Ding Y., Yang M. Li, C., Liu H., Sun Y., Utilization of powdered peanut hull as biosorbent for removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution, Dyes andPigments64(2005)3,187-192.
[11] Mall I.D., Srivastava V.C., Agarwal N.K., Removal of Orange-G and Methyl Violet dyes by adsorption onto bagasse fly ash – kinetic study and equilibrium isotherm analyses, Dyes and Pigments 69(2006) 3, 210-223.
[12] Aksu Z., Isoglu I.A., Use of agricultural waste sugar beet pulp for the removal of Gemazol turquoise blue-G reactive dye from aqueous solution, Journal of Hazardous Materials 137(2006) 1, 418- 430.
[13] Park J.S., Song J.H., Yeon K.H., Moon S.H., Removal of hardness ions from tap water using electromembrane processes, Desalination 202(2007)1–8.
[14] Mane V.S., Mall I.D., Srivastava V.C., Kinetic and equilibrium isotherm studies for the adsorptive removal of Brilliant Green dye from aqueous solution by rice husk ash, Journal of Environmental Management 84(2007) 4, 390-400.
[15] Hameed B., El-Khaiary M.I., Removal of basic dye from aqueous medium using a novel agricultural waste material: Pumpkin seed hull, Journal of Hazardous Materials 155(2008) 3, 601-609.
[16] Wang L. Fu, J., Y. Su, Removal of low concentrations of hardness ions from aqueous solutions using electrodeionization process, Sep. Purif. Technol. 68 (2009) 390–396.
[17] Seo S.J., Jeon H., Lee J.K., Kim G.Y., Park D., Nojima H., Lee J., Moon S.H., Investigation on removal of hardness ions by capacitive deionization (CDI) for water softening applications, Water Res. 44 ( 2010 ) 2267–2275.
[18] Apell I.N., Boyer T.H., Combined ion exchange treatment for removal of dissolved organic matter and hardness, Water Res. 44 (2010) 2419–2430.
[19] Torabian A., Kazemian H., Seifi L., Bidhendi G.N., Azimi A.A., Ghadiri S.K., Removal of Petroleum Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Surfactant-Modified Natural Zeolite, Clean. 38(2010)77-83.
[20] T. Salih AL-ATTAR,M Sameer ABDUL-KAREEM, Effect of chloride ions source on corrosion of reinforced normal and high performance concrete, Buletinul AGIR. 2 (2011) 107-112.
| Volume | 02 | |
| Issue | 01 | |
| Received | February 2, 2024 | |
| Accepted | March 19, 2024 | |
| Published | March 30, 2024 |