Cervical Cancer: Understanding Its Causes, Risk Factors, and Preventive Measures

Year : 2025 | Volume : 03 | Issue : 01 | Page : 26 30
    By

    Anshika Rosha,

  • Ritu Jhakar,

  1. Nursing Tutor, Department of Nursing, Galgotias University, Uttar Pradesh, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Galgotias University, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Cervical cancer is a form of cancer that begins in the cervix, the lower portion of the uterus, due to abnormal cell growth that can spread or invade other areas of the body. In its early stages, cervical cancer usually shows no obvious symptoms, which is why regular screenings are essential for detecting it early. As the cancer advances, symptoms such as pelvic pain, unusual vaginal bleeding, and pain during intercourse may occur. While bleeding after sex is not always a serious concern, it can be a sign of cervical cancer. The main cause of cervical cancer is a persistent infection with specific strains of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), especially types 16 and 18, which account for about 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. However, not everyone with HPV will develop cervical cancer, as the infection is common and usually clears up on its own. In addition to HPV, various other risk factors contribute to cervical cancer, such as smoking, a compromised immune system, the use of birth control pills, having multiple sexual partners, and early sexual activity. Genetic factors can also increase the likelihood of developing the disease. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a precancerous condition, typically develops over a period of 10 to 20 years before cervical cancer can occur. Squamous cell carcinomas account for approximately 90% of cervical cancer cases, while adenocarcinomas represent around 10%, with other types being rare. Early detection through screening and vaccination against HPV is key to preventing the onset of cervical cancer, as these measures can help reduce the impact of high-risk HPV types responsible for the majority of cases.

Keywords: Cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), squamous cell carcinoma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), risk factors

[This article belongs to International Journal of Oncological Nursing and Practices ]

How to cite this article:
Anshika Rosha, Ritu Jhakar. Cervical Cancer: Understanding Its Causes, Risk Factors, and Preventive Measures. International Journal of Oncological Nursing and Practices. 2025; 03(01):26-30.
How to cite this URL:
Anshika Rosha, Ritu Jhakar. Cervical Cancer: Understanding Its Causes, Risk Factors, and Preventive Measures. International Journal of Oncological Nursing and Practices. 2025; 03(01):26-30. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijonnp/article=2025/view=216121


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 03
Issue 01
Received 20/01/2025
Accepted 27/02/2025
Published 30/06/2025
Publication Time 161 Days
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