Comparative Analysis of Energy Storage System’s Hybridization for Electric Vehicles: Evaluating Lithium-Ion Batteries, Supercapacitors, and Fuel Cells on Performance Metrics

Year : 2025 | Volume : 03 | Issue : 01 | Page : 12-29
    By

    Ravikant Nanwatkar,

  • Deepak Watvisave,

  • Aparna Bagde,

  • Sonali Sabale,

  • Dinesh Burande,

  • Pravin Nitnaware,

  1. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad Technical Education Society (STES)’s Sinhgad College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
  2. Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maharshi Karve Stree Shikshan Samstha (MKSSS)’s Cummin’s College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
  3. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Jayawant Shikshan Prasarak Mandal Narhe Technical Campus (JSPM NTC), Maharashtra, India
  4. Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
  5. Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBN Sinhgad Technical Institutes Campus (NBNSTIC), Maharashtra, India
  6. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, D Y Patil College of Engineering (DYPCOE), Maharashtra, India

Abstract

High-performance energy storage systems (ESS) in electrically powered cars are becoming more and more necessary as transportation options become more environmentally conscious. This research provides a thorough comparison of hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) that link fuel cell technology, supercapacitors, and batteries made of lithium ion. Critical performance metrics are assessed for each technology, including energy density, power density, efficiency, lifecycle durability, thermal performance, cost and sustainability. It summarizes the advantages as well as disadvantages of each individual ESS technologies, and explore hybrid configurations (e.g., lithium-ion battery–supercapacitor, lithium-ion battery–fuel cell, and fuel cell–supercapacitor systems). Using a combination of simulations and experimental validation, this study shows how the novel hybridization can synergistically improve energy efficiency, power transfer, and operation life while alleviating the limitations of individual systems. The choice of HESS architecture is application dependent; battery–supercapacitor systems are better in power demanding applications while battery-fuel cell pairs provide the best range and energy sustainability. The study additionally states issues in ESS hybridization such as cost trade-offs, thermal management, and infrastructure constraints. This work highlights the importance and critical need of HESS in boosting electric vehicle performance, as well as informing optimal designs of energy storage systems for varied mobility needs. Further investigation into next-gen materials, solid-state batteries and artificial intelligence–powered energy management systems would also benefit continued efforts to improve HESS efficiency and dependability.

Keywords: Battery–supercapacitor, lithium-ion battery–fuel cell, fuel cell–supercapacitor, thermal management, infrastructure constraints

[This article belongs to International Journal of Machine Systems and Manufacturing Technology ]

How to cite this article:
Ravikant Nanwatkar, Deepak Watvisave, Aparna Bagde, Sonali Sabale, Dinesh Burande, Pravin Nitnaware. Comparative Analysis of Energy Storage System’s Hybridization for Electric Vehicles: Evaluating Lithium-Ion Batteries, Supercapacitors, and Fuel Cells on Performance Metrics. International Journal of Machine Systems and Manufacturing Technology. 2025; 03(01):12-29.
How to cite this URL:
Ravikant Nanwatkar, Deepak Watvisave, Aparna Bagde, Sonali Sabale, Dinesh Burande, Pravin Nitnaware. Comparative Analysis of Energy Storage System’s Hybridization for Electric Vehicles: Evaluating Lithium-Ion Batteries, Supercapacitors, and Fuel Cells on Performance Metrics. International Journal of Machine Systems and Manufacturing Technology. 2025; 03(01):12-29. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijmsmt/article=2025/view=206658


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Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 03
Issue 01
Received 10/12/2024
Accepted 09/02/2025
Published 20/02/2025
Publication Time 72 Days
Total Visits: 36


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