Deciphering the Roles of Estrogen Receptors and 27-Hydroxycholesterol in Breast Cancer Progression

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Year : 2024 | Volume :02 | Issue : 02 | Page : –
By
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Tombin Thomas,

  1. Biotechnologist, Geochem Laboratories private limited, Aroor, Kerala, Kerala, India

Abstract document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_abs_128860’);});Edit Abstract & Keyword

Breast cancer ranks among the top causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Many risk factors of breast cancer are linked to estrogen. Experiments of Beatson in 1896 shows the role of steroid hormones as major determinant in breast cancer. Action of steroid hormones are mediated by their receptors including Estrogen receptors. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are part of a subfamily of ligand-regulated transcription factors. Their primary role is to translate hormone signals into a wide range of physiological responses across different organs.One of the widely studied ER is ER-alpha. One of the major strategy for the treatment of breast cancer is the prevention of the expression of ER-alpha by using antiestrogens such as tamoxifen and ICI 182,780. The complete understanding of ER-alpha function and inhibition has been gone far by new discoveries of ER-alpha mutations, co-regulatory proteins modulating ER activity, alternative downstream signaling pathways, and cross-talk with other intracellular signal transduction pathways.Since Hormone therapy based on ER-alpha involves the utilization of anti-estrogens and aromatase inhibitors, on other hand 27-hydroxycholesterol(27HC) can bind and activate Estrogen receptors, which make them supportive to breast cancer. 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) is synthesized from cholesterol by the enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase, also known as cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1). Since the presence 27HC is directly proportional to the presence of cholesterol, their role in obesity associated breast cancer is evident. 27-HC also involved auxiliary targets that facilitate the metastatic phenotype. 27-HC is not engage in metastasis through ER receptors, instead the act by the activation of the liver X receptors (LXRs). Amy E.Baek et al came forward to address this possibility through an experiment with mice . The results of these experiments showed that mice pretreated with 27HC developed significantly more metastatic nodules compared to those pretreated with a placebo.

Keywords: 27-hydroxycholesterol, Breast cancer, Estrogen receptors, SERM, X receptors

[This article belongs to International Journal of Genetic Modifications and Recombinations (ijgmr)]

How to cite this article:
Tombin Thomas. Deciphering the Roles of Estrogen Receptors and 27-Hydroxycholesterol in Breast Cancer Progression. International Journal of Genetic Modifications and Recombinations. 2024; 02(02):-.
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Tombin Thomas. Deciphering the Roles of Estrogen Receptors and 27-Hydroxycholesterol in Breast Cancer Progression. International Journal of Genetic Modifications and Recombinations. 2024; 02(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijgmr/article=2024/view=0

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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 02
Issue 02
Received 23/11/2024
Accepted 27/11/2024
Published 24/12/2024
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