Recycled Carbon Black: A Sustainable Solution for Environmental Challenges

Year : 2024 | Volume :10 | Issue : 01 | Page : 9-16
By

Sandeep Rai

  1. Visiting Professor and Research Mentor, UPL University of Sustainable Development, Vataria, Ankleshwar Gujarat India

Abstract

As the world faces pressing environmental challenges, the demand for sustainable materials and practices continues to grow. Recovered or Recycled Carbon Black (rCB) is carbon black recovered/reclaimed from scrap or waste-life tyres. In general, rCB can be recovered from any kind of rubber waste. The majority of rCB is obtained by the pyrolysis process of end-of-life tyres, which are widely available and offer a consistent waste stream worldwide. This unprocessed or raw material from the pyrolysis process is of low value and has limited applications, such as fuel in cement kilns. This raw Carbon Char or recovered carbon black needs to be further refined as per the requirements of the markets and end application. The name “recovered Carbon Black” (rCB) should be applied to the raw Carbon Black which is free from metals and fibers and was micronized. This micronized carbon black can be further pelletized to give a significantly high-priced value-added product. There are pyrolysis installations capable of providing quality carbon black directly from the production line, but there will still be a need for micronization and pelletization. This recycled carbon black is used in conjunction with Virgin Carbon Black in tyre applications and is found to give an excellent reinforcing effect to the tires. In this article, we explore the potential of recycled carbon black (rCB) as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional carbon black derived from fossil fuels.

Keywords: Pyrolysis, Recycled Carbon Black, Carbon Black, Sustainable Solution, Green Technology

[This article belongs to International Journal of Green Chemistry(ijgc)]

How to cite this article: Sandeep Rai. Recycled Carbon Black: A Sustainable Solution for Environmental Challenges. International Journal of Green Chemistry. 2024; 10(01):9-16.
How to cite this URL: Sandeep Rai. Recycled Carbon Black: A Sustainable Solution for Environmental Challenges. International Journal of Green Chemistry. 2024; 10(01):9-16. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijgc/article=2024/view=149214

References

  1. Market & Market Report-Recovered Carbon Black {r CB} Market 2023.
  2. E.Saputro, R.I.Sugarti, Y.C.Wirasadewa and E.Y.Muslih (2018), Recycled Carbon Black from Waste Tire Industry: Thermal Study, Microsystem Technologies, 24[1), 749-755.
  3. Rikmann, U.Maeorg and J.Liiv (2024) Recycling of Low-Quality Carbon Black Prouced by Tire Pyolysis, Applied Sciences, 14, Issue 1, 2192, DOI: http://doi.org/10.3390/app14052192.
  4. https://www.recycling-magazine.com/2024/04/30/on-the-brink-of-a-green-revolution-in-the-tire-industry/
  5. Goldstein Market Intelligence. Global Tire Industry Analysis by Product Type And, By Geography & COVID-19 Impact with Market Outlook 2017–2030. 2020. Available online: https://www.goldsteinresearch.com (accessed on 30 November 2021).
  6. M.R Costa, D.Flower, G.A.Carreira, I.Portugal and C.M.Silva{2022} Production and upgrading of recovered carbon black from the pyrolysis of end of life tires, Materials, 15{6}, 1-19.
  7. Han, D.Han and H.Chen{2023] Pyrolysis of waste tires- A Review, Polymers, 15[7], 1-26.
  8. I.D.Martinez, A.Veses, A.M.Mastral,R.Murillo,M.V.Navarro, N.Puy,A.Artigues J Bartroli and T.Garcio{2014} Co-pyrolysis of biomass with waste tyres-upgrading ofliquid biofuel, Fuel Processing Technology, 119, 263-271.
  9. Rijo,A.P.S.Dias and L.Wojincki{2022}Catalyzed Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires Rubbers, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 10, Issue1, February 2022, 107037.
  10. Roy, B.Labrecque and B.D.Caumia{1990} Recycling of scrap tires to oil and carbon blackby vacuum pyrolysis, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 4, 203-213.
  11. Stanciulescu and M.Ikura {2006) Limonene ethers fromTire Pyrolysis Oil-Part1-Batch Experiments, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 75, Issue2, 217-225.
  12. Alhassan, N.KumarandI.M.Bugaje{2016}Catalytic upgrading of waste tire pyrolysis oil via super critical esterification with deep eutectic solvents{green solvents and catalysts}, Journal of the Energy Institute, 89, 683-693.
  13. Idris,C.T.Chong and F.N.Ani{2019}Microwave Induced pyrolysis of waste truck tyres with carbonaceous susceptor for the production of diesel like fuel, Journal of the Energy Institute, 92, 1831-1841.
  14. Karagaz, C.Uysal, U. Agbulut and S.Saridemir{2022}Energy, Exergy, Economic and Sustainability Assesments of a Compression Ignition diesel Engine fueled with tire Pyrolysis oil-Diesel blends, Journal of Cleaner Production, 264,121724.
  15. R.A.Chumpitaz, C.J.R.Corondo, J.A.Carvalho Jr, J.C.Andrade, A.Z.Mendiburu, G.M.Pinto and T.A.Desouza{2019} Design and Study of a pure-tire pyrolysis oil{TPO} and blended with Brazilian Diesel using Y-Jet Atomizer, Journal of The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 41, 139.
  16. https://recovered-carbon-black.com/en/2023/08/22/gewinnung-von-russ-aus-altreifen-altreifen-als-rohstoffquelle-fuer-recovered-carbon-black/
  17. B.Samsuri {2022} Evaluation of Recycled Carbon Black {r-CB} based on Styrene Butadiene Rubber, Natural Rubber and Nitrile Rubber Compounds, Application and Characterization of Rubber Materials, DOI:10.5772/inttechopen.107421.
  18. Frikha, L.Limousy, J.P.Claret, C.Vaulot, K.F.Perez, B.C.Garcia and S.Bennici{2022} Potential Valorization of Waste Tires as Activated Carbon – Based Adsorbent for Organic Contaminants Removal, Materials, 15,1099.
  19. Xu, J.Yu, J.Xu, C.Sun, W.He, J.Huang and G.Li{2022} High Value Utilization of Waste Tires- A Review with focus on Modified Carbon Black from Pyrolysis, Science of Total Environment, 742, 10 November 2020, 140235.
  20. M.Guerrero-Esparza, J. Medina-Valtierra and F.Carrasco-Marin {2017}Chars from Waste Tire Rubber by Catatlytic Pyrolysis and the Statistical Analysis of the Energy, http://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12652.
  21. Song, X.Zhao, X.Cheng, S.Li and S.Wang{2018}Recycling the nano structured carbon from Wastetires, Composite Communications, 7,12-15.
  22. Saleh and V.K.Gupta {2014}Processing methods, Characteristics and Adsorption behavior of Tire Derived Carbons-A Review, Advances in Colloidal and Interface Sciences,211,93-101..
  23. A-Nole, O.P-Perez and F.R-Roman{2012}Use of Recycled tire crumb rubber to remove organic contaminants from aqueous and gaseous phases, Desalination and Water Treatment, 49,296-306.
  24. Xu, J.Yu, W.He, J.Huang, J.Xu and G.Li{2021} Recovery of Carbon Black in Continuous Commercial Rotary Klin Pyrolysis Reactor, Science of Total Environment, 772,145507.
  25. Jiang, J.Shao, Y.Zhu, J.Yu, W. Cheng, H.Yang, X.Zhang and H.Chen{2023}Production Mechanism of High Quality Carbon Black from High Temperature Pyrolysis of Waste Tire, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 443,Part B,130350.
  26. Shah, M.Rasul, F.Mabood and M.Shahid{2006} Conversion of waste tyre into carbon black and then utilization as Adsorbent, Journal of Chinese Chemical Society Taipei, 53{5} DOI:10.1002/jccs.200600144.
  27. M.A-Franco,C.F.Gonzalez, M.A-Dominguez and V.G-Serrano {2011} Adsorption of Cadmium on Carbonaceous Adsorbents developed from used tire rubber, Journal of Environmental Management, 92, Issue9, 2193-2200.
  28. Same as Ref no.21.
  29. Dziejarski, D.F.H-Barreto, J.C. M-Pirajan, L.Giraldo, J.Serafin, P.Knutsson, K.Andersson and R.Krzyzynsk {2024} Upgrading Recovered Carbon Black{r-CB} from Industrial Scale end of life tires{ELTs} Pyrolysis of Activated Carbons: Material Characterization and CO2 capture Capabilities, Environmental Research, 247, 118169.
  30. Cataldo{2005} Preparation of Pyrolytic Carbon Black from Scrap Tire Rubber Crumb and Evaluation in New Rubber Compounds, Macro-Molecular Materials and Engineering, http://doi.org/10.1002/mame.200400388.
  31. https://contec.tech/author/a-golawska/
  32. https://weibold.com/recovered-carbon-black-and-its-market-potential
  33. Mihai, K.Stoeffler and E.Norton{2020} Use of Thermal Black as Eco-Filler in Thermoplastic Composites and Hybrids for Injection Moldind and 3D Printing Applications, Molecules, 25{7}, 1517.
  34. Weibold{2020} Recovered Carbon Black and Its Market Potential, Linkedin, Published on April9 2020.
  35. Anjum{1991} Recovered Carbon Black from Waste Tire Pyrolysis, Characteristics, Performance and Valorization, PhD Thesis submitted to University of Twente.
  36. Same as Ref.no.3.
  37. Understanding Recovered Carbon Black Market Report Published on March10, 2023 by Klean Industries.
Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 10
Issue 01
Received April 19, 2024
Accepted May 15, 2024
Published June 6, 2024
Views: 39