Effect of Energy/Protein Ratio and Strain on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Exotic and Locally Adapted Turkey

Year : 2023 | Volume :01 | Issue : 02 | Page : 37-45
By

    Akinlade Akinsuyi

  1. Researcher, Department of Agricultural Technology, Ekiti State Polytechnic, Isan Ekiti, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the response of locally adapted and exotic turkeys raised under the same environmental conditions to diets with varying energy/protein ratio. One hundred and fourty-four (144) four-week old poults of each strain of turkey were randomly selected and assigned to six different diets in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Each treatment diet were replicated twice with twelve (12) birds per replicate. Diets formulated with 28 %, 26 % and 24 % crude proteins levels were distributed to energy levels 2900 kcal/kg and 3000 (Kcal/Kg) with six energy/ protein (E/P) ratio 104:1, 112:1, 121:1, 107:1, 115:1, 125:1 respectively were fed to turkeys from 4 to 8 weeks. At 7th week of age, 2 birds per replicate were randomly selected and put in digestibility cages. Feacal samples collected from birds on daily basis for five days were weighed on wet and dry basis to determine the moisture and dry matter content. Body weight changes were recorded for the trial. The strain effect significantly (P<0.05) influenced the final body weight, daily weight gain, and daily feed intake in this trial. A significant strain x energy/protein interaction effect was observed on the final body weight. Energy/protein significantly (P<0.05) influenced the digestibility of crude fibre, ether extract, and ash. There was significant (P<0.05) effect of strains and E/P ratios on serum creatinine level. It is concluded that different energy protein ratios are required for optimum performance of exotic turkey (112:1) and locally adapted turkey (115:1) in the tropics.

Keywords: Locally Adapted, Exotic, Serum, digestibility, energy/protein ratio, strain

[This article belongs to International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecule Research(ijbbr)]

How to cite this article: Akinlade Akinsuyi , Effect of Energy/Protein Ratio and Strain on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Exotic and Locally Adapted Turkey ijbbr 2023; 01:37-45
How to cite this URL: Akinlade Akinsuyi , Effect of Energy/Protein Ratio and Strain on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Exotic and Locally Adapted Turkey ijbbr 2023 {cited 2023 Dec 28};01:37-45. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijbbr/article=2023/view=130065


References

  1. Afolayan M., Bawa, G. S., Sekoni, A. A., Abeke, F. O. and Odegbile E. O. (2014). Haematological and Serum Biochemical Indices of laying hens fed graded levels of locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) pulp. In A- Abdullah, G.O. Tayo, A.O. Okubanjo & O.A. Akinsoyinu. (Eds). Positioning Animal Production in the Agricultural Transformational Agenda. Proc. 39th Conf., Nig. Soc. for Anim. Prod. 16 – 19 March, 2014. Babcock Univ. Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, pg215-230.
  2. Afolayan, M. O. and Afolayan, M. (2008). Nigeria Oriented Poultry Feed Formulation Software Requirements. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 4(11): 1596-1602.
  3. Ajayi, O. O., Yakubu, A., Jayeola, O. O., Imumorin, I. G., Takeet, M. I., Ozoje, M. O., Ikeobi, C. O. N. and Peters, S. O. (2012). Multivariate analysis of sexual size dimorphism in domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Nigeria. Tropical Animal Health and Production 44: 1089-1095.
  4. Akinsuyi M. A. and Fatufe A. A. (2023). Effect of Energy, Lysine and Energy/Lysine Ratio on Growth Performance Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Profile of Growing Locally Adapted Turkey. International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules Research, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2023, DOI (Journal): 10.37591/IJBBR
  5. AOAC (2002). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of official Analytical Chemist Published by the Association of analytical chemists, Washington DC.
  6. Bamgbose, A. M., Oso, A. O., Omikola, B. G., Ayoola, A. and Jegede, A. V. (2007). Performance of Finishing Turkeys fed Wheat-Based Diets. Proceedings of 32nd Annual Conference of the Nigeria Society of Animal Production, March 18 – 21, University of Calabar, Calabar, pp. 505 – 506.
  7. Barbour, G. W. and Lilburn, M. S. (1995). Characterization of carcass development from 14 to 145 days of age in turkey hens from two strains. Poultry Science, 74:1650-1658.
  8. Bounous, I. D., Wyatt, R. D., Gibbs, P. S., Kilburn, J. V., Quist, C. F. (2000). Haematologic and serum biochemical reference intervals for juvenile wild turkeys. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 36(2):393-396.
  9. Damaziak , Michalczuk, M., and Kurek A. (2012). Comparsion of production performance of two genetic groups of turkeys reared in the Semi-intensive system. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2012, 13(3), p.403-415 DOI: 10.5513/JCEA01/13.3.106
  10. Etuk E. B., Ugwu C. C., Okeudo, N. J., Esonu B. O., Udedibie A. B. I. (2015). Haematology and Serum Chemistry of Local Grower Turkeys Fed Diets Containing Samsorg17 and ICSV400 Varieties of Sorghum. Journal of World’s Poulttry Research 5(1): 01-09.
  11. Isidahomen, C. E, Njidda, A. A. and Amaza, I. B. (2013). Effect of Genotype on Haematology and Serum Biochemistry Values of Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) Reared in Southern Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, 2(5): 297-301.
  12. Kalmendal R, Elwinger K, Holm L, Tauson R. (2011). High-fibre sunflower cake affects small intestinal digestion and health in broiler chickens. Bri Poult Sci. 2011:52 (1):86–96.
  13. Kokatnur, M., R. and, N. T. and Kummerow, F. A. (2012). Effect of the Energy to Protein Ratio on Serum and Carcass Cholesterol Levels in Chicks. Circulation Research 1958, 6:424-431.
  14. Kral, I. and Suchy, P. (2000). Haematological studies in adolescent breeding cocks. Vet. Bmo., 69: 189-194.
  15. Lilburn, M. S., Renner, P. A. and Anthony, N. B. (1992). Interaction between step-up versus step-down lighting from four to sixteen weeks on growth and development in turkey hens from two commercial strains. Poultry Sci. 71:419-426.
  16. Lloyd S, and Gibson, J. S. (2006). Haematology and biochemistry in healthy young pheasants and red-legged partridges and effects of spironucleosis on these parameters. Avian Pathology, 35(4):335-340.
  17. Matanmi I. O., Fatufe A. A. and T. A. Ogunbiyi (2014). Effect of dietary energy protein ratio on the performance of Local starting turkeys. In A- Abdullah, G.O. Tayo, A.O. Okubanjo & O.A. Akinsoyinu. (Eds). Positioning Animal Production in the Agricultural Transformational Agenda. Proc. 39th Conf., Nig. Soc. for Anim. Prod. 16 – 19 March, 2014. Babcock Univ. Ilishan-Remo, State, Nigeria, Pp622-624.
  18. Moran, E. T., Jr., Poste, L. M., Ferket, P. R. and Agar, V. (1984). Response of large tom turkeys differing in growth characteristics to divergent feeding systems: Performance, carcass quality and sensory evaluation. Poultry Science 63: 1778-1792.
  19. National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of poultry: 1994. National Academies Press; 1994 Feb 1
  20. Ngu, G. T., Etchu, K. A., Butswat I. S. R. and Woogeng I. N. (2014. Semen and microbial characteristics of two breeds of turkeys in an arid tropical environment of Bauchi State, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 8(21): 2174-2182.
  21. Nwoga, C. C., Onyimonyi, A. E.and Ugwu, S. O. C. (2013). Semen Quality of Two Breeds of Toms Subjected to Different Ejaculation Frequencies. GRA (Global Research Analysis), volume: 2, issue 8, Aug 2013, ISSN No 2277- 8160.
  22. Peñaranda-Ali, F., Santos-Ricalde, R., Sarmiento-Franco, L., Segura-Correa, J. and Gutierrez- Triay, M. (2010). Effect of Dietary Protein and Lysine on Performance and Carcass Yield of Turkeys. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 5 (1): 27-32.
  23. Platz, S, Berger, J Ahrens, F Wehr, U Rambeck, W Amselgruber, W and Erhard, M. H. (2003). Health, productivity and behavior of conventional turkey breeds under organic outdoor rearing conditions, in Turkey Production: Balance act between consumer protection, animal welfare and economic aspects (H.M. Hafez Ed), Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, and ISBN 3-8001-4630-4,115-121.
  24. Rajesh Jha and Pravin Mishra (2021). Dietary fiber in poultry nutrition and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, gut health, and on the environment: a review. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology (2021) 12:51 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00576-0
  25. SAS, 2008. SAS Users Guide Statistics, SAS for windows, SAS Inc. Cary, North Califonia, 2008 edition.
  26. Szabo, A., Mezes, M., Horn, P., Suto, Z., Bazar, G. and Romvari, R. (2005). Developmental dynamics of some blood biochemical parameters in the growing turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo). Acta Veterinary Hungary 53 (4):397-409.
  27. Thear, K. and Fraser, A. (1986). The complete book of Raising Livestock and Poultry, Nigerian Edition, University Services Ltd., Lagos.
  28. Tumova Eva, Robert Mervyn Gous, Darina Chodová and Mohamed Ketta (2020). Differences in growth and carcass composition of growing male and female turkeys. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 65, 2020 (09): 330–336
  29. Tyagi, P. K. (2001). The nutritional requirement of commercial turkeys. In: Modern turkey production and management (AKD Roy, Ed). Turkey Research Unit, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnager, India. Pp. 18-
  30. Veldkamp T., Kwakkel, R. P., ferket, P. R. and Verstegen, M. W. A. (2002). Impact of ambient temperature and age on dietary lysine and energy in turkey production. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 58.
  31. Veldkamp, T., R. Kwakkel, P., Ferket, P. R.and Verstegen, M. W. A. (2005). Growth responses to dietary energy and lysine at high and low ambient temperature in male Turkeys. Poultry Science 84: 273-282. http//ps.fass.org/cgi/reprint/84/2/273
  32. Waldroup, P. W., Anthony, N. B. and Waldroup, A. L. (1998). Effects of amino acid restriction during starter and grower periods on subsequent performance and incidence of leg disorders in two strains of male large white turkeys. Poultry Science, 77:702–713.
  33. Waldroup, P. W., Fritts, C. A., Kersey, J. H., Saleh, B. J., Kerr, E. A. and Kidd, M. T. (2003). Evaluation of Crude Protein Needs for Large White Male Turkeys from 16 to 20 Weeks of Age. International Journal of Poultry Science 2 (1): 15-18.
  34. Yahaya, H. K., Olutunmogun, A. K., Mohammad, Y. B., Shettima, M. M. and Kabir, M.(2021). Evaluation of egg quality characteristics of two strains of local turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Zaria, Kaduna State. J. Anim. Prod. 2021, 48(1): 1 – 11. doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i1.2891
  35. Yakubu, A., Abimuku, H. K., Musa-Azara, I. S., Idahor, K. O. and Akinsola, O. M. (2013). Assessment of flock structure, preference in selection and traits of economic importance for domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) genetic resources in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 25,
  36. Zampiga, M., Tavaniello S., Soglia F., Petracci M., Mazzoni M., Maiorano,G.,Meluzzi, A. Clavenzani, P. and Sirri F. (2019). Comparison of 2 commercial turkey hybrids: productivity, occurrenceof breast myopathies, and meat quality properties. Poultry Science vol.98, issue 5:2305–2315.http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey607
Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 01
Issue 02
Received July 28, 2023
Accepted October 6, 2023
Published December 28, 2023
Views: 73