Abstract

n Background: With an estimated 190 million adolescents, 22% of whom are girls, India has one of the fastest increasing youth populations in the world. Adolescence, as defined by the WHO, is the period between the ages of 10 and 19, which provides a window of opportunity for improving nutritional status and reversing unhealthy eating habits. A growth spurt, or a time when growth is incredibly rapid, is what defines adolescence. Adolescent nourishment is crucial intended for maintaining the physical-growth of the body and inhibiting forthcoming well-being issues since physical changes throughout this period alter the physique’s nutritive desires, however way of life fluctuations may disturb annoying practices and food choices. All parents should pay close attention to their teen’s dietary requirements. Adolescence is a time of growth and development, thus great care must be taken to preserve and advance wellbeing. Objective: To assess the knowledge on management of nutritional deficiency disorders and to appraise the value of audio-visual aided coaching programme on management of nutritional deficiency disorders among mother of adolescent girls. Method and Materials: A pre-test-post design with one group was used in the evaluation. by using convenient sampling technique-50 mothers of adolescent girls were selected from selected two villages (Kothamagala and ajjappanahalli) of Kolar taluk. Designed Familiarity inquiry form was used for data collection. Results: The results show that teenage females had mean pre-test knowledge scores of 13.70 with SD of 4.10 on how to handle nutritional deficiency problems. While adolescent girls’ mean post-test knowledge scores on the treatment of nutritional deficiency illnesses were 16.39 with SD ± 5.42 which shows the enhancement of 66.2%. Finally the revision established that videotape supported training programme operative in enlightening acquaintance on management of nutritional deficiency disorders.n

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1. United Nations, Department of economic and social affairs, population division, world population prospects: The 2008 revision. Available at: http://www.esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/index.
2. The state of the world’s children 2011 – Adolescence an age of opportunity. UNICEF. Available at: http://www.unicef.org
3. Suvarna Patil et al. Nutritional Status and Psychological Impairment in Rural Adolescent Girls “KOKAN” Western India. Journal of frontiers in public health.2018; june 6:01-06. Available from : frontiersin.org
4. Niba Johnson, Noufeena DY, Parvathi, Priya Joseph. Priya Reshma Aranha, Asha P Shetty. Knowledge regarding prevention of Iron deficiency anemia among adolescent girls. International Journal of Current Research and Review.2016;8(18):5–7.
5. Siddharm SM, Venketesh GM, Thejeshwari HL. Anemia among adolescent girls. International Journal of Bio Med Res.2011;2(4):922–
6. Kaur IP, Kaur S. A comparison of nutritional profile and prevalence of anemia among rural girls and boys. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, 2011; 7(1):11–
7. Meenal Vinay Kulkarni, Durge PM, Kasturwar NB. Prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in urban slum.National Journal of Community Medicine. 2012;3(1):108–
8. Angela Rajan, Mamatha.S.Pai, Binu Margaret E Mothers knowledge on nutritional deficiency disorders in children. Asia Pacific Journal of Research. 2015; Feb;1(25):48–52. Available from apjor.com
9. Deepti,. Priyanka Chaudhary, Ramanpreet Kaur, P. Chitra. Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls. Int J Trend in scientific research and development.2021;Nov;6(01):1537–41.
10. Nupura A. Vibhute, Unnati Shah, Wasim Kamate. Prevalence and awareness of anemia among female medical students in karad, Maharashtra, India:A cross sectional study. J Family MedPrim Care [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Mar 29]; 8(7):2369–2372.

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Abstract

n Introduction: Future generations’ health is greatly influenced by the reproductive health of adolescent girls. For adolescent females to live healthy lives and safeguard against reproductive health issues, knowledge about reproductive health is crucial. The study’s primary goal is to evaluate the pre-existing knowledge of reproductive health among adolescent girls studying in selected colleges. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional research with 200 teenage college-bound girls was done. The questionnaire was pre-designed and pre-tested. Information was gathered on understanding anatomy and physiology, menarche and menstrual hygiene, conception, sexual abuse, STDs, contraceptives, and sexuality and sex education. The data were statistically evaluated using Differential and Inferential statistics. Results: Knowledge of reproductive health revealed that 42.5% of respondents had a moderate understanding of anatomy and physiology, 46.5% knew about menarche and menstrual hygiene, and 7.5% knew about conception and sexual abuse. In terms of contraceptives, 41% of the girls had intermediate knowledge, 44.5% of the girls had appropriate awareness of STDs, and 58.6% of the girls had a moderate understanding of sexuality and sex education. Overall, 42.1% of the girls had moderate knowledge about reproductive health. Conclusion: The study reflects girls were having moderate knowledge regarding reproductive health. hence, many studies are required to improve the knowledge among female children.n

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1. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). The impact of the demographic transition on socioeconomic development in Bangladesh: future prospects and implications for public policy. Dhaka, Bangladesh: United Nations Fund for Population Activities Bangladesh Country Office; 2015.
2. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW). National Strategy for Adolescent Health 2017–2030; MOHFW. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Government of Bangladesh; 2016.
3. The State of the World’s Children 2011. Adolescence: An Age of Opportunity. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund; February 2011.
4. Shashikumar R, Das RC, Prabhu HR, Srivastava K, Bhat PS, Prakash J, et al. A cross-sectional study of factors associated with adolescent sexual activity. Indian J Psychiatry. 2012;54(2):138–43. DOI: 10.4103/0019–5545.99532.
5. Rasanathan K, Damji N, Atsbeha T, Brune Drisse MN, Davis A, Dora C, et al. Ensuring multisectoral action on the determinants of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health in the post-2015 era. BMJ. 2015;351:h4213. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h4213.
6. Lindberg LD, Maddow-Zimet I, Boonstra H. Changes in Adolescents’ Receipt of Sex Education, 2006–2013. J Adolesc Health. 2016;58(6):621–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.02.004.
7. Aparna N, Raakhee A. Life skill education for adolescents: its relevance and importance. Educ Sci Psychol. 2011;2:3 7.
8. Sharanya T. Reproductive health status and life skills of adolescent girls dwelling in slums in Chennai, India. Natl Med J India. 2014;27(6):305–10.
9. Mittal K, Goel MK. Knowledge regarding reproductive health among urban adolescent girls of Haryana. Indian J Community Med. 2010;35(4):529–30. DOI: 10.4103/0970–0218.74374.
10. Naidu SA, Vennam BS, Prasad KV. Knowledge about reproductive health among adolescent high school girls (rural) in Karapa Mandal, East Godavari district. Int J Res Health Sci. 2014;2(2):543–6.
11. Shankar P, Dudeja P, Gadekar T, Mukherji S. Reproductive health awareness among adolescent girls of a government school in an urban slum of Pune City. Med J DY Patil Univ. 2017;10:133–7.

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n A skilled attendant is a qualified healthcare practitioner, such as a midwife, doctor, or nurse, who has received appropriate education and training to effectively handle uncomplicated pregnancies, childbirth, and the immediate postnatal period. They are equipped to identify, manage, and refer any complications that may arise in women and newborns. Skilled attendants have the necessary knowledge and skills to manage normal pregnancies and childbirth, and their presence during delivery is crucial in reducing maternal mortality rates. The provision of maternity care by qualified professionals is associated with a decrease in maternal mortality rates. It is widely recognized that ensuring all pregnant women receive medical attention during delivery is one of the most important steps in lowering the risk of maternal mortality. Skilled care refers to the comprehensive healthcare services provided by qualified healthcare providers throughout pregnancy, delivery, and the immediate postpartum period. This includes having the necessary equipment and being supported by a well-functioning healthcare system that includes emergency obstetric care, transportation, and referral facilities. The role of skilled attendants in reducing the risk of pregnancy-related complications and improving overall maternal safety has been acknowledged by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Confederation of Midwives, and the International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (FIGO). These organizations have agreed to use the term “skilled attendant” to refer to healthcare workers who can offer skilled care. A qualified birth attendant, according to the international definition of a midwife, is a midwife who has completed the required education and obtained the necessary permissions to practice. Midwives play a crucial role in ensuring the highest standards of education, regulation, and supervision in their practice, aiming to provide the best possible care for women and protect vulnerable populations. They use various sources of information, intuition, critical thinking, and clinical judgment in their decision-making process. Midwifery is a dynamic and methodical process that adapts to each woman’s changing health status and predicts potential issues. Midwives also emphasize the involvement of women and their families in the decision-making process, including developing a plan of care for a healthy pregnancy, safe delivery, and adjusting to the new family dynamic.n

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1. Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. (2022). World Population Prospects—Population Division—United Nations. [online] Available from: https://population.un.org/wpp/
2. WHO, World Bank, UNFPA, UNICEF. Trends in Maternal Mortality:1990 to 2013. Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization; 201
3. Cousens S, Blencowe H, Stanton C, Chou D, Ahmed S, Steinhardt L, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of stillbirth rates in 2009 with trends since 1995: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2011;377(9774):1319–30. DOI: 10.1016/S0140–6736(10)62310–0.
4. UNICEF, WHO, World B, UN. (2013). Population division. Levels and trends in child mortality. [online]. Available from: http://www.childinfo.org/files/Child_Mortality_Report_2013.pdf
5. The World Health Report. 2005: make every mother and child count. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005.
6. Souza JP, Gülmezoglu AM, Vogel J, Carroli G, Lumbiganon P, Qureshi Z, et al. Moving beyond essential interventions for reduction of maternal mortality (the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health): a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2013;381(9879):1747–55.
   DOI: 10.1016/S0140–6736(13)60686–8.
7. Graham WJ, Varghese B. Quality, quality, quality: gaps in the continuum of care. Lancet. 2012;379(9811):e5–6. DOI: 10.1016/S0140–6736(10)62267–2.
8. Koblinsky M, Chowdhury ME, Moran A, Ronsmans C. Maternal morbidity and disability and their consequences: neglected agenda in maternal health. J Health Popul Nutr. 2012;30(2):124–30.
   DOI: 10.3329/jhpn.v30i2.11294.
9. Storeng KT, Baggaley RF, Ganaba R, Ouattara F, Akoum MS, Filippi V. Paying the price: the cost and consequences of emergency obstetric care in Burkina Faso. Soc Sci Med. 2008;66(3):545–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.10.001.
10. Singh S, Darroch J, Ashford L, Vlassoff M. Adding it up: the costs and benefits of investing in family planning and maternal and newborn health. New York: Guttmacher Institute; 2009.
11. Marmot M, Allen J, Bell R, Bloomer E, Goldblatt P, Consortium for the European Review of Social Determinants of Health and the Health Divide. WHO European Review of Social Determinants of Health and the Health Divide. Lancet. 2012;380(9846):1011–29. DOI: 10.1016/S0140–6736(12)61228–8.
12. Save the Children. State of the World’s Mothers 2013. London: Save the Children International; 2013.
13. Perkins BB. The Medical Delivery Business: Health Reform, Childbirth, and the Economic Order. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press; 2003.
14. Villar J, Valladares E, Wojdyla D, et al. Caesarean delivery rates and pregnancy outcomes: the 2005 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health in Latin America. Lancet. 2006;367:1819–29. DOI: 10.1016/S0140–6736(06)68704–7.
15. Johanson R, Newburn M, Macfarlane A. Has the medicalisation of childbirth gone too far? BMJ. 2002;324(7342):892–95. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.324.7342.892.
16. Mason F, Rawe K, Wright S. Superfood for Babies: How Overcoming Barriers to Breastfeeding will Save Children’s Lives. London: Save the Children; 2013.
17. Requejo J, Bryce J, Victora C. Countdown to 2015 maternal, newborn and child survival: building a future for women and children: the 2012 report. Geneva: World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund; 2012.
18. Adam T, Lim SS, Mehta S, Bhutta ZA, Fogstad H, Mathai M, et al. Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies for maternal and neonatal health in developing countries. BMJ. 2005;331(7525):1107. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.331.7525.1107.
19. Gibbons L, Belizan JM, Lauer JA, Betran AP, Merialdi M, Althabe F. Inequities in the use of cesarean section deliveries in the world. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(4):331.e1–19.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.02.026.
20. World Health Report 2013: Research for Universal Health Coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
21. Secretary General UN. Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health (2016–2030). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
22. UNICEF, WHO. Every Newborn: an Action Plan to End Preventable Deaths. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
23. The State of the World’s Midwifery 2011: Delivering Health, Saving Lives. New York: United Nations Population Fund; 2011.
24. Australian Health Ministers’ Conference. National Maternity Services Plan. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2011.

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Abstract

n The current research focused on examining the knowledge and attitude towards the negative effects of cosmetics among late adolescent girls studying at DM WIMS Pharmacy College in Meppadi, Wayanad. The study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and attitude toward the harmful effects of cosmetics among these girls and explore any potential associations between their knowledge, attitude and selected socio-demographic variables. To conduct the study, a quantitative approach using a descriptive method was adopted. The research took place at DM WIMS Pharmacy College in Meppadi, Wayanad. Convenient sampling was employed to select a sample size of 120 participants. A structured questionnaire was utilized to assess the knowledge level, while a checklist was employed to evaluate the attitude of late adolescent girls towards the negative effects of cosmetics. Out of 120 late adolescent girls the majority (64.1%) of them have average knowledge, (25%) of the sample has good knowledge, (10.8%) of the sample is having poor knowledge and no one is in an excellent category. The majority of the samples (82.5%) are having an unfavorable attitude, (17.5%) of the sample is having a moderately favorable attitude and no one is having a favorable attitude towards the ill effects of cosmetics. The results of the study revealed that there was no meaningful link between the participants’ knowledge level and their socio-demographic characteristics. Similarly, no significant relationship was found between the participants’ attitude level and their socio-demographic variables. The participants’ knowledge scores ranged from 3 to 15, with an average score of 8.7 and a standard deviation of 3.75. Similarly, their attitude scores ranged from 24 to 36, with an average score of 29.9 and a standard deviation of 3.74. Overall, the study concluded that the late adolescent girls possessed an average level of knowledge regarding the ill effects of cosmetics, and their attitudes toward this topic were generally unfavorable. Therefore, there is a need to provide formal education to late adolescent girls, using appropriate channels, to raise awareness about the potential risks associated with cosmetics.n

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1. Swarupa R. Cosmetics and life style of youth. Int J Com Manag Res. 2018;4(4):120–1.
2. Alvarez M. (2017). The damaging effects of makeup on teens. [online] Fox News. Available from: https://www.foxnews.com/health/the-damaging-effects-of-makeup-on-teens
3. Smith M. (2017). Friday essay: toxic beauty, then and now. [online] The Conversation. Available from: https://theconversation.com/friday-essay-toxic-beauty-then-and-now-84267
4. Krishnan S, Amira NS, Atilla UN, Syafawani Siti, Hafiz M. The usage of cosmetic in Malaysia: understanding the major factors that affect the users. Management. 2017;7(1):48–51.
   DOI: 10.5923/j.mm.20170701.07.
5. Getachew M, Tewelde T. Cosmetic use and its adverse events among female employees of Jimma University, Southwest Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2018 Nov;28(6):717–24.
   DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v28i6.6.
6. Bilal AI, Tilahun Z, Osman ED, Mulugeta A, Shekabdulahi M, Berhe DF. Cosmetics use-related adverse events and determinants among Jigjiga town residents, Eastern Ethiopia. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2017 Mar;7(1):143–53. DOI: 10.1007/s13555–016–0157-y.
7. Toklu HZ, Antigua A, Lewis V, Reynolds M, Jones J. Cosmetovigilance: a review of the current literature. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2019 May;8(5):1540–5. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_447_18.
8. Altıokka İ, Üner M. Safety in cosmetics and Cosmetovigilance, current regulations in Türkiye. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2022 Oct 31;19(5):610–7. DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.40697.
9. Dehghani R, Talaee R, Sehat M, Nikkhah Ghamsari NN, Mesgari L. Surveying the rate of using cosmetics among the Kashan’s women. J Biol Today’s World. 2017;6(2):27–32.
   DOI: 10.15412/J.JBTW.01060202.
10. Fatehi A, Ekhlasi E. Body management and its relationship with social acceptance of body. Women’s Strategic Studies (KetabeZanan). 2008;11:9–42.

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n Background: One in four people worldwide is affected by high blood pressure, which is also the third leading cause of illness and a significant risk factor for death. Compared to non-working women, employed women had a higher prevalence of hypertension. This might be attributed to various factors such as job-related stress, lack of relaxation, and lack of physical activity. Method: Quantitative approach was adopted. To investigate the related determinants of hypertension in working women and non-working women, a non-experimental comparative approach was used. In the antenatal OPD of the Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, the study was carried out the tools used for the study were (1) demographic questionnaire, (2) checklist to assess the associated factors, (3) to measure blood pressure levels using a questionnaire. The data collection approach employed was the interview method. Informed written consent was taken from each participant before the data collection. SPSS 20 was used to enter and evaluate the data. Results: Compared to working women, non-working women have more severe levels of hypertension. In non-working, sleep disturbances (72%), drinking coffee/tea more than 2 times in a day (70%), family-related stress (62%), family history of hypertension (54%), and associated diseases (48%) were the leading factors. The factors were almost similar in both groups except for the factor “Job Stress”. Conclusion: Present study shows that the magnitude of hypertension among non-working women is more as compared to the counterpart. Healthcare providers should reinforce the women the importance of regular drug intake, balanced nutrition, physical activity, and lifestyle modification.n

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1. Singh S, Shankar R, Singh GP. Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension: A cross-sectional study in Urban Varanasi. Int J Hypertens. 2017;2017:5491838.
   DOI: 10.1155/2017/5491838.
2. World Health Organization. Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.
3. Zinat Motlagh SF, Chaman R, Ghafari SR, Parisay Z, Golabi MR, Eslami AA et al. Knowledge, treatment, control, and risk factors for hypertension among adults in Southern Iran. Int J Hypertens. 2015;2015:897070. DOI: 10.1155/2015/897070.
4. Acheampong K, Nyamari JM, Ganu D, Appiah S, Pan X, Kaminga A et al. Predictors of hypertension among adult female population in Kpone-Katamanso District, Ghana. Int J Hypertens. 2019;2019:1876060. DOI: 10.1155/2019/1876060.
5. Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S, Barik A. Sex differences in the risk profile of hypertension: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(7):e010085. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015–010085.
6. World Health Organization. Causes of Death 2008: Data Sources and Methods. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
7. Abramson BL, Srivaratharajah K, Davis LL, Parapid B. (July 2018). Women and hypertension: beyond the 2017 guideline for prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. [online] American College of Cardiology. Available from: https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2018/07/27/09/02/women-and-hypertension.
8. Shaft S, Rao MH, Ur-Rehman A. Hypertension in working and nonworking women attending OPD of a tertiary care private sector hospital in Karachi. Med Forum Mon. 2013;24:51–4.
9. Gudmundsdottir H, Høieggen A, Stenehjem A, Waldum B, Os I. Hypertension in women: latest findings and clinical implications. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2012 May;3(3):137–46.
   DOI: 10.1177/2040622312438935.
10. World Health Organization. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010.
11. Amirkhizi F, Siassi F, Minaie S, Jalali M, Dorosty MA, Chamari M. Assessment of blood pressure status and its relationship with anthropometric indices among women in rural areas of Kerman Province, Iran. Yafteh. 2009;10(2):31–8.

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