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Abstract

nAdequate strategies need to be put in place for electrical and electronic waste management, renewable energy commercialization, green societies and sustainable development in Nigeria. This paper examined handling, disposal and management of electronic waste in Nigerian environment. Methodology adopted includes literature reviews of issues on this subject matter, specific site inspection, surveys and secondary data from users and industries with massive electronic waste. It has been discovered that these wastes have not been management effectively for greener society. A lot of scrap metals, obsolete equipment and other electronic wastes are being dumped into developing countries due to poverty, eagerness for information communication technology and economic recession. It has been concluded that most health issues and industrial pollution can be traced to the inadequate management electronic wastes. Electronic wastes eventually find their way into landfills because of arrival of latest electronics, hence electronic Wastes pose health challenges and environmental hazards to humans, livestock and ecology due to poor management. Facilities, legal framework, and alternative initiatives and means of managing E-Waste both nationally and internationally are essential in developing countries. Electronic wastes issues could be turned into a useful tool for capacity building of various sectors with employment generation, wealth creation, opportunities and poverty alleviation. Recommendations are made for better policy, appropriate technology and treatment of Electronic waste for environmental sustainability, socio-economic development and pollution reduction in Nigeria.n

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Abstract

nBiomass can be densified under a high compression pressure or a low compression pressure. The type of raw material, moisture level, particle size, and form typically all influence how much pressure should be used. This study utilized maize cobs and waste paper pulp to produce briquettes which are seen as alternative fuels. The goal was to determine how compression pressure affected the strength and fuel characteristics of the briquettes that were formed. The biomass was mixed together at different ratios and compacted using a manually operated hydraulic piston-press. Different compression pressures of 5, 7 and 10 MPa were applied during densification. The compressive strength of briquettes was determined using a universal testing machine while determination of the higher heating value of the briquette was done using the IKA C2000 Basic bomb calorimeter. Also, burning rate was determined through the combustion of mass of fuel in the air. Results indicated that with increasing compression pressure, density, compressive strength, and higher heating value greatly increased. The rate at which briquettes burned, however, was negatively impacted by increasing compression pressure The burning rate decreases with increasing compression pressure because there are fewer air voids in the briquettes, which limits the amount of mass and heat that can be transferred during combustion. Adequate strength and heating value can be obtained in briquettes compressed at 10 MPa. However, a compression pressure of 7 MPa should suffice for combustion efficiency in terms of burning rate. Findings from this study could improve present agricultural residue densification technology, especially in rural areas where there is dire need of alternative energy.n

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