Green Hydrogen Production Technologies: Pathways to a Sustainable Energy Future

Notice

This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2026 | Volume : 16 | 03 | Page :
By

Naincy Thakur,

Naisergik Deepika Khanna,

  1. PG Student, Department of Chemistry, N.S.C.B.M. Government College Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, N.S.C.B.M. Government College Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India

Abstract

Green hydrogen production technologies are emerging as a key solution for achieving a sustainable and low-carbon energy future. Produced using renewable energy sources, green hydrogen provides a clean alternative to fossil fuel-based hydrogen and plays a vital role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This paper focuses on the study of major green hydrogen production technologies and their significance in the global energy transition. This paper reviews the current development status of green hydrogen at national and international levels and examines key production methods, particularly water electrolysis technologies such as alkaline, proton exchange membrane (PEM), and solid oxide electrolysis. The performance of these technologies is assessed by considering parameters such as efficiency, economic feasibility, scalability, and environmental implications. The study identifies water electrolysis powered by renewable energy as the most promising approach for sustainable hydrogen production. Despite its potential, several challenges persist, including high production costs, energy requirements, and storage and infrastructure limitations. The study further discusses the potential applications of green hydrogen across major sectors, including transport, industrial processes, and electricity generation. Green hydrogen production technologies hold significant promises for supporting global decarbonization and energy security, and with continued advancements and investment, they are expected to become a crucial component of future energy systems.

Keywords: Green Hydrogen, Water Electrolysis, Renewable Energy, Hydrogen Production, Sustainable Energy, Decarbonization

How to cite this article: Naincy Thakur, Naisergik Deepika Khanna. Green Hydrogen Production Technologies: Pathways to a Sustainable Energy Future. Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits. 2026; 16(03):-.
How to cite this URL: Naincy Thakur, Naisergik Deepika Khanna. Green Hydrogen Production Technologies: Pathways to a Sustainable Energy Future. Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits. 2026; 16(03):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/joeecc/article=2026/view=259660

References

  1. Lee H, Calvin K, Dasgupta D, Krinner G, Mukherji A, Thorne P, Trisos C, Romero J, Aldunce P, Ruane AC. Climate change 2023 synthesis report summary for policymakers. Climate change 2023 synthesis report: Summary for policymakers. 2024 Jun 20.
  2. Unga. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A/RES/70/1. 2015 Sep 25.
  3. Kroll C, Warchold A, Pradhan P. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Are we successful in turning trade-offs into synergies?. Palgrave Communications. 2019 Dec;5(1).
  4. Islam A, Islam T, Mahmud H, Raihan O, Islam MS, Marwani HM, Rahman MM, Asiri AM, Hasan MM, Hasan MN, Salman MS. Accelerating the green hydrogen revolution: A comprehensive analysis of technological advancements and policy interventions. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2024 May 20;67:458-86.
  5. Buttler A, Spliethoff H. Current status of water electrolysis for energy storage, grid balancing and sector coupling via power-to-gas and power-to-liquids: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018 Feb 1;82:2440-54.
  6. Remme U. Global hydrogen review 2024. IEA: Paris, France. 2024 Oct.
  7. Dincer I, Acar C. Review and evaluation of hydrogen production methods for better sustainability. International journal of hydrogen energy. 2015 Sep 14;40(34):11094- 111.
  8. Nikolaidis P, Poullikkas A. A comparative overview of hydrogen production processes. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews. 2017 Jan 1;67:597-611.
  9. Carmo M, Fritz DL, Mergel J, Stolten D. A comprehensive review on PEM water electrolysis. International journal of hydrogen energy. 2013 Apr 22;38(12):4901-34.
  10. Ursua A, Gandia LM, Sanchis P. Hydrogen production from water electrolysis: current status and future trends. Proceedings of the IEEE. 2011 Jun 20;100(2):410-26.
  11. Lee SA, Kim J, Kwon KC, Park SH, Jang HW. Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis for sustainable large‐scale hydrogen production. Carbon Neutralization. 2022 Jun;1(1):26-48.
  12. Laguna-Bercero MA. Recent advances in high temperature electrolysis using solid oxide fuel cells: A review. Journal of Power sources. 2012 Apr 1;203:4-16.
  13. Walter MG, Warren EL, McKone JR, Boettcher SW, Mi Q, Santori EA, Lewis NS. Solar water splitting cells. Chemical reviews. 2010 Nov 10;110(11):6446-73.
  14. Agrafiotis C, Roeb M, Sattler C. A review on solar thermal syngas production via redox pair-based water/carbon dioxide splitting thermochemical cycles. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2015 Feb 1;42:254-85.
  15. Sivula K, Van De Krol R. Semiconducting materials for photoelectrochemical energy conversion. Nature Reviews Materials. 2016 Jan 20;1(2):15010.
  16. Ni M, Leung DY, Leung MK, Sumathy KJ. An overview of hydrogen production from biomass. Fuel processing technology. 2006 May 1;87(5):461-72.
  17. Kruse A. Supercritical water gasification. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining: Innovation for a sustainable economy. 2008 Sep;2(5):415-37.
  18. Show KY, Lee DJ, Tay JH, Lin CY, Chang JS. Biohydrogen production: current perspectives and the way forward. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2012 Oct 1;37(20):15616-31.
  19. Das D, Veziroglu TN. Advances in biological hydrogen production processes. International journal of hydrogen energy. 2008 Nov 1;33(21):6046-57.
  20. Abanades S, Charvin P, Flamant G, Neveu P. Screening of water-splitting thermochemical cycles potentially attractive for hydrogen production by concentrated solar energy. Energy. 2006 Nov 1;31(14):2805-22.
  21. Corbeau AS. Europe’s Long Journey to Renewable Hydrogen. Fletcher F. World Aff.. 2025;49:19.
  22. Dawood F, Anda M, Shafiullah GM. Hydrogen production for energy: An overview. International journal of hydrogen energy. 2020 Feb 7;45(7):3847-69.
  23. Chyong CK, Dalman JR. Regulation of hydrogen networks and potential market structure. InHandbook on Electricity Regulation 2025 Jun 19 (pp. 386-404). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  24. Kowtham Raj A, Aayog Pranav Lakhina N. Harnessing Green Hydrogen, Opportunities for Deep Decarbonisation in India [Internet]. 2022
  25. Sperling D, Ogden J. The hope for hydrogen. Issues in Science and Technology. 2004 Apr 1;20(3):82-6.
  26. Sambasivam B, Narayana Sarma R. India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission: an analysis of the strategies, policies for net-zero emissions and sustainability. Environmental Research: Energy. 2024 Dec 1;1(4):045015.
Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume 16
03
Received 13/08/2026
Accepted 07/10/2026
Published 09/10/2026
Publication Time 57 Days

Login

My IP

PlumX Metrics

Support