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Abhijeet B. Shelke,
Vijaysinh R. Patil,
Rahul Sonavale,
- Professor& Head, Department of Cardiology, Krishna Institute of Science and Technology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth “Deemed to be University”, Taluka-Karad, Dist-Satara, Maharashtra, India
- Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth “Deemed to be University”, Taluka-Karad, Dist-Satara, Maharashtra, India
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Krishna Institute of Science and Technology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth “Deemed to be University”, Taluka-Karad, Dist-Satara, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Wearable cardiac monitoring devices are increasingly important tools for non-invasive, continuous assessment of cardiac health. Their growth is driven by increases in the incidence of arrhythmias and by a great demand for remote monitoring. This is changing with the use of conductive polymer nanocomposites (CPNCs). They combine physical properties of mechanical flexibility, high electrical conductivity, and good biocompatibility resulting in high precision, and comfortable sensing. CPNCs combine conductive polymers with nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoparticles of metals, MXenes and droplets of liquid metals. This combination is beneficial in increasing the charge transport as well as sensitivity and signal stability during flexing. The materials can be mechanically tuned, allowing integration in the form of textiles, patches and electronic skins and soft sensor arrays. These platforms are able to capture subtle cardiac signals like ECG, heart rate variability and mechano-physiological strains. Recent advances on nanostructure engineering, surface functionalization and low temperature, scalable fabrication have improved conformability, breathability, and long-term wearability. CPNCs are also supporting multifunctional sensing and self-healing and wireless data transfer when combined with flexible circuits and energy-harvesting modules. Yet challenges remain: stable long-term biophysical contact, smaller noise during movements, good behaviour in sweat and humidity, compliance with clinical and regulatory requirements. This review discusses the types of CPNC, fabrication techniques, sensing mechanisms, performance and integration methods for wearable cardiac monitoring. It also discusses current limitations, current trends and future prospects for smart wearables that increases flexibility, sensitivity and multimodal capabilities of nanocomposites.
Keywords: Conductive polymer nanocomposites; wearable cardiac monitoring; flexible sensors; electrocardiography; nanofillers; MXenes; soft electronics.
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Journal of Polymer & Composites
| Volume | 14 | |
| 04 | ||
| Received | 13/07/2026 | |
| Accepted | 02/09/2026 | |
| Published | 09/09/2026 | |
| Publication Time | 58 Days |