Solving Non-Linear Equations for Thevenin and Norton Circuits using Analog Behavioural Modelling with PSPICE Software

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Year : 2026 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 02 | Page :
By

K. Bharath Kumar,

  1. Researcher, Oki Electric Company, R&D Division, Tokyo, Japan

Abstract

A new approach useful for circuit designers for implementing circuit parameters described by non-linear equations and Thevenin and Norton network equivalent parameters represented by equations is given. The content is divided into two parts, (a)Solving Non-linear equations using analog behavioral modelling using Pspice software (b) Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuit parameter determination for pure resistance DC circuits using SPICE simulator. The non-linear equations are solved using network elements/models described by SPICE. A different method which is not previously described is used for computing Thevenin/Norton DC equivalents. The results are useful in methods to obtain DC Thevenin/Norton circuits for pure DC networks and a new circuit described by non-linear, linear functions with Thevenin/Norton circuit parameters. Techniques to obtain DC Thevenin network parameters, other than usual transfer function(TF) are described. Different examples are described, and results are obtained by running Pspice simulation. Also, any circuit variables described by non-linear equations of different networks can be solved and implemented in the extension of circuits described by Thevenin/Norton equivalents. The resistances represented in this paper can be modeled with VALUE option of analog behavioral modelling option. Mostly all passive networks can be replaced by their equivalent two-ports and analogue behavioral modelling can be used to represent two-ports and the same procedure described in this paper. Temperature dependence can be introduced for variables in a future work. We can also simulate conductance’s with reverse representation of VALUE options. The procedure could be used for T type representation of passive circuits and two-ports represented by Z,Y parameters.

Keywords: Analog circuits, Circuit theory, Simulation and Modeling, Spice simulation, RF circuit and Devices

[This article belongs to Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits ]

How to cite this article: K. Bharath Kumar. Solving Non-Linear Equations for Thevenin and Norton Circuits using Analog Behavioural Modelling with PSPICE Software. Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits. 2026; 13(02):-.
How to cite this URL: K. Bharath Kumar. Solving Non-Linear Equations for Thevenin and Norton Circuits using Analog Behavioural Modelling with PSPICE Software. Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits. 2026; 13(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/josdc/article=2026/view=254052

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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 13
Issue 02
Received 21/08/2026
Accepted 26/08/2026
Published 02/09/2026
Publication Time 12 Days

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