Hybrid Agro-Waste Reinforced PLA Smart Composites with Embedded NFC for Sustainable Lifecycle Monitoring

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Year : 2026 | Volume : 14 | 05 | Page :
By

B.Dhanasakkaravarthi,

Vinosh Muthukumar P,

P.S. Latha Mageshwari,

V.Kavimani,

Apparao Thota,

M. Thirumalaimuthukumaran,

K. Manimekalai,

B. Parvathi Sangeetha,

Rajendiran M,

  1. Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Agni college of technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  3. Professor, Department of Physics (S&H), R.M.K. Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  4. Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Prathyusha Engineering college, Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India
  5. Researcher, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, , Portugal
  6. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
  7. Associate Professor, Department of Physics, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  8. Associate Professor, Department of Marine Engineering, Amet University, Kanathur, Tamil Nadu, India
  9. Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable engineering materials has accelerated the development of biodegradable polymer composites capable of combining structural performance with intelligent lifecycle management. In this study, a smart biodegradable agro-waste polymer composite reinforced with rice husk and sugarcane bagasse fibres was developed using a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix integrated with an embedded passive Near Field Communication (NFC) tag for digital traceability and circular economy applications. The composite containing 80 wt.% PLA, 15 wt.% hybrid agro-waste reinforcement and 5 wt.% PLA-g-MA compatibilizer was fabricated through twin-screw extrusion followed by compression moulding. SEM analysis confirmed uniform fibre dispersion and strong fibre–matrix bonding. Tensile strength increased from 58 MPa to 74 MPa, while flexural strength improved from 82 MPa to 106 MPa, representing enhancements of 27.6% and 29.3%, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated improved thermal stability through delayed degradation and higher residual char formation. Controlled composting showed progressive biodegradation, with the hybrid NFC-integrated composite achieving approximately 47.5% weight loss after 56 days compared with 19% for neat PLA. The embedded passive NFC tag maintained reliable functionality without affecting structural integrity or biodegradation behaviour. The developed smart biodegradable composite successfully combines enhanced mechanical performance, thermal stability, controlled biodegradability and digital lifecycle tracking, demonstrating strong potential for sustainable packaging, agricultural products, consumer goods and other environmentally responsible circular economy applications while supporting efficient product identification, recycling, resource recovery initiatives globally.

Keywords: Agro waste, Polymer composite, Polylactic acid, bagasse fibers, biodegradation.

How to cite this article: B.Dhanasakkaravarthi, Vinosh Muthukumar P, P.S. Latha Mageshwari, V.Kavimani, Apparao Thota, M. Thirumalaimuthukumaran, K. Manimekalai, B. Parvathi Sangeetha, Rajendiran M. Hybrid Agro-Waste Reinforced PLA Smart Composites with Embedded NFC for Sustainable Lifecycle Monitoring. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(05):-.
How to cite this URL: B.Dhanasakkaravarthi, Vinosh Muthukumar P, P.S. Latha Mageshwari, V.Kavimani, Apparao Thota, M. Thirumalaimuthukumaran, K. Manimekalai, B. Parvathi Sangeetha, Rajendiran M. Hybrid Agro-Waste Reinforced PLA Smart Composites with Embedded NFC for Sustainable Lifecycle Monitoring. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(05):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2026/view=252840

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Ahead of Print Subscription Original Research
Volume 14
05
Received 28/07/2026
Accepted 08/08/2026
Published 18/08/2026
Publication Time 21 Days

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