SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF A SILVER NANOPARTICLE-COATED CHITOSAN–FUCOIDAN POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE LOADED WITH PERSEA AMERICANA LEAF EXTRACT

Open Access

Notice

This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2026 | Volume : 14 | 05 | Page :
By

S. Divyapriya,

K. Rajathi,

M. E. Pavithra,

Mekala Moorthy,

G. Nivetha,

J. Srinaya,

  1. Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Dr. N. G. P Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
  2. Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Dr. N. G. P Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
  3. Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, KMCH Institute of Health Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
  4. Assistant Professor, OBG Nursing, KMCH college of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
  5. M.Sc, Department of Biochemistry, Dr. N. G. P Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
  6. M.Sc, Department of Biochemistry, Dr.N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Consuming a natural composite of Persea americana (Avocado) leaf extract and a chitosan and fucoidan form a biodegradable biopolymer matrix–polymer nanocomposite with biomedical applications, this study explored a potential therapeutic method. GC-MS and UV spectroscopy were used to describe the aqueous leaf extract, which was verified by phytochemical screening to contain flavonoids, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The chitosan–fucoidan biodegradable polymer matrix served as a biocompatible stabilizing and encapsulating carrier for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), enhancing nanoparticle stability, controlled phytochemical release, and overall biomedical performance. To improve bioavailability and activity, it was added to a biopolymer matrix that had been coated with silver nanocomposite. Strong dose-dependent radical scavenging effects were demonstrated by antioxidant capacity as assessed by phosphomolybdic acid, hydrogen peroxide, DPPH, and FRAP assays. Tests of antifungal activity were conducted against Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans. Pancreatic lipase and α-amylase inhibition assays were used to measure anti-obesity and anti-diabetic potential. Significant protein stabilization and denaturation inhibition were found when anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using heat-induced hemolysis and albumin denaturation assays. In the absence of additional clinical validation, this biopolymer–nanoparticle delivery system shows promise as a treatment candidate for PCOS by providing a biocompatible, environmentally benign method of controlling oxidative stress and inflammation.

Keywords: Green synthesis, Chitosan-Fucoidan, Biomedical Polymer nanocomposite, Antioxidant; Antifungal; Anti-inflammatory.

How to cite this article: S. Divyapriya, K. Rajathi, M. E. Pavithra, Mekala Moorthy, G. Nivetha, J. Srinaya. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF A SILVER NANOPARTICLE-COATED CHITOSAN–FUCOIDAN POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE LOADED WITH PERSEA AMERICANA LEAF EXTRACT. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(05):-.
How to cite this URL: S. Divyapriya, K. Rajathi, M. E. Pavithra, Mekala Moorthy, G. Nivetha, J. Srinaya. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF A SILVER NANOPARTICLE-COATED CHITOSAN–FUCOIDAN POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE LOADED WITH PERSEA AMERICANA LEAF EXTRACT. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(05):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2026/view=252254

References

1. Ale MT, Meyer AS. Fucoidans from brown seaweeds: an update on structures, extraction techniques and use of enzymes as tools for structural elucidation. RSC Advances. 2013 Jan 1;3(22):8131–41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra23373a.
2. Ale MT, Mikkelsen JD, Meyer AS. Important Determinants for Fucoidan Bioactivity: A Critical Review of Structure-Function Relations and Extraction Methods for Fucose-Containing Sulfated Polysaccharides from Brown Seaweeds. Marine Drugs. 2011 Oct 24;9(10):2106–30. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/md9102106.
3. Andersen M, Glintborg D. Diagnosis and follow-up of type 2 diabetes in women with PCOS: a role for OGTT? European Journal of Endocrinology. 2018 Jun 19;179(3):D1–14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-18-0237.
4. Barbosa AI, Coutinho AJ, Lima S a. C, Reis S. Marine Polysaccharides in Pharmaceutical Applications: Fucoidan and Chitosan as Key Players in the Drug Delivery Match Field. Marine Drugs. 2019 Nov 21;17(12):654. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/md17120654.
5. Broer SL, Broekmans FJM, Laven JSE, Fauser BCJM. Anti-Müllerian hormone: ovarian reserve testing and its potential clinical implications. Human Reproduction Update 2014 May 12;20(5):688–701. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmu020.
6. Cowan S, Lim S, Alycia C, Pirotta S, Thomson R, Gibson-Helm M, et al. Lifestyle management in polycystic ovary syndrome – beyond diet and physical activity. BMC Endocrine Disorder. 2023 Jan 16;23(1):14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-01208-y.
7. Dewailly D, Andersen CY, Balen A, Broekmans F, Dilaver N, Fanchin R, et al. The physiology and clinical utility of anti-Müllerian hormone in women. Human Reproduction Update.2014 Jan 14;20(3):370–85. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmt062
8. Dillehay TD, RamíRez C, Pino M, Collins MB, Rossen J, Pino-Navarro JD. Monte Verde: Seaweed, food, medicine, and the peopling of South America. Science. 2008 May 8;320(5877):784–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1156533
9. Dubashynskaya NV, Gasilova ER, Skorik YA. Nano-Sized Fucoidan Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes: Recent advances in design and prospects for biomedical applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023 Jan 30;24(3):2615. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032615
10. Dumont A, Robin G, Catteau-Jonard S, Dewailly D. Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a review. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2015 Dec 1;13(1):137. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-015-0134-9.
11. El-Araby A, Janati W, Ullah R, Ercisli S, Errachidi F. Chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and chitosan-based nanocomposites: eco-friendly materials for advanced applications (a review). Frontiers in Chemistry. 2024 Jan 4;11:1327426. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1327426
12. Galindo-Tovar ME, Arzate-Fernández AM, Ogata-Aguilar N, Landero-Torres I. The Avocado (Persea Americana, Lauraceae) Crop in Mesoamerica: 10,000 Years of History. Harvard Papers in Botany. 2007 Dec 1;12(2):325–34. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3100/1043-4534(2007)12[325:tapalc]2.0.co;2.
13. Gloria PCG, Rafael EAI, Clara ISB. Microsatellites revealed genetic diversity and population structure in Colombian avocado (Persea americana Mill.) germplasm collection and its natural populations. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 2019 Apr 30;11(4):106–19. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5897/jpbcs2018.0792.
14. Guo Y, Qiao D, Zhao S, Zhang B, Xie F. Advanced functional chitosan-based nanocomposite materials for performance-demanding applications. Progress in Polymer Science.2024Aug26;157:101872.Availablefrom: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2024.101872
15. Li B, Lu F, Wei X, Zhao R. Fucoidan: Structure and Bioactivity. Molecules. 2008 Aug 12;13(8):1671–95. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules13081671
16. Liu L, Heinrich M, Myers S, Dworjanyn SA. Towards a better understanding of medicinal uses of the brown seaweed Sargassum in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2012 Jun 6;142(3):591–619. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.046
17. Mancini A, Bruno C, Vergani E, D’Abate C, Giacchi E, Silvestrini A. Oxidative Stress and Low-Grade inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Controversies and new insights. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021 Feb 7;22(4):1667. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041667
18. Mardigan LP, Santos VJD, Da Silva PT, Visentainer JV, Gomes STM, Matsushita M. Investigation of bioactive compounds from various avocado varieties (Persea americana Miller). Food Science and Technology. 2018 Dec 15;39(suppl 1):15–21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.34817
19. Mensah EO, Kanwugu ON, Panda PK, Adadi P. Marine fucoidans: Structural, extraction, biological activities and their applications in the food industry. Food Hydrocolloids 2023 May 1; 142:108784. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108784.
20. Nile SH, Park SW. Optimized methods for in vitro and in vivo Anti-Inflammatory assays and its applications in herbal and synthetic drug analysis. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry.2012 Dec 11;13(1):95–100. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2174/138955713804484712
21. Rendón-Anaya M, Ibarra-Laclette E, Méndez-Bravo A, Lan T, Zheng C, Carretero-Paulet L, et al. The avocado genome informs deep angiosperm phylogeny, highlights introgressive hybridization, and reveals pathogen-influenced gene space adaptation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2019 Aug 6;116(34):17081–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1822129116
22. Sabag A, Patten RK, Moreno-Asso A, Colombo GE, Bouzo XD, Moran LJ, et al. Exercise in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: A position statement from Exercise and Sports Science Australia. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport.2024 May 31;27(10):668–77. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.015
23. Shaikh AA, Datta P, Dastidar P, Majumder A, Das MD, Manna P, et al. Biopolymer-based nanocomposites for application in biomedicine: a review. Journal of Polymer Engineering . 2024 Jan 27;44(2):83–116. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2023-0166
24. Sugawara I, Ishizaka S. Polysaccharides with sulfate groups are human T-cell mitogens and murine polyclonal B-cell activators (PBAs). Cellular Immunology. 1982 Nov 1;74(1):162–71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8749(82)90016-8
25. Teas J, Harbison ML, Gelman RS. Dietary seaweed (Laminaria) and mammary carcinogenesis in rats. PubMed. 1984 Jul 1;44(7):2758–61. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6426785
26. Usov AI, Bilan MI, Ustyuzhanina NE, Nifantiev NE. Fucoidans of Brown Algae: Comparison of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum. Marine Drug. 2022 Oct 13;20(10):638. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/md20100638.
27. Yadav M, Kaushik B, Rao GK, Srivastava CM, Vaya D. Advances and challenges in the use of chitosan and its derivatives in biomedical fields: A review. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications. 2023 May 26;5:100323. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100323
28. Yan H, Wang L, Zhang G, Li N, Zhao Y, Liu J, et al. Oxidative stress and energy metabolism abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2024 Dec 26;22(1):159. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-024-01337-0
29. Zhang Z, Till S, Knappe S, Quinn C, Catarello J, Ray GJ, et al. Screening of complex fucoidans from four brown algae species as procoagulant agents. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2014 Sep 7;115:677–85. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.09.001
30. Yamassaki FT, Campestrini LH, Zawadzki-Baggio SF, Maurer JBB. Avocado leaves: Influence of drying process, thermal incubation, and storage conditions on preservation of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. International Journal of Food Properties. 2017 Dec 28;1–14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1369105

Ahead of Print Open Access Original Research
Volume 14
05
Received 21/07/2026
Accepted 29/07/2026
Published 13/08/2026
Publication Time 23 Days

Login

My IP

PlumX Metrics