Electrochemical Biosensors for Disease Diagnostics

Notice

This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2026 | Volume : 28 | 02 | Page :
    By

    Suhavana Devi,

  • Naisergik Deepika Khanna*,

  1. Student, Department of Chemistry, NSCBM Government College Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, NSCBM Government College, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India

Abstract

Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as one of the most promising tools for disease diagnosis because they combine high sensitivity, rapid response, portability, and low cost in a single analytical platform. In recent years, growing interest in early disease detection has pushed researchers to develop biosensors that can detect clinically important biomarkers in blood, saliva, urine, sweat, and other biological fluids. These sensors work through the interaction between a biological recognition element, such as an enzyme, antibody, aptamer, or nucleic acid, and a target analyte, which produces an electrical signal that can be measured and correlated with disease status. Recent advances in nanomaterials, flexible substrates, and wearable formats have significantly improved sensor performance, making them more suitable for point-of-care testing and decentralized healthcare. However, despite strong laboratory results, many devices still face challenges related to selectivity, reproducibility, biofouling, and validation in real clinical samples. This report reviews the fundamental principles, recent developments, major applications, and current limitations of electrochemical biosensors in disease diagnosis, with attention to both their scientific progress and their future clinical potential.

Keywords: Electrochemical biosensors, Composition, Mechanism, applications, biomarkers.

How to cite this article:
Suhavana Devi, Naisergik Deepika Khanna*. Electrochemical Biosensors for Disease Diagnostics. Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications. 2026; 28(02):-.
How to cite this URL:
Suhavana Devi, Naisergik Deepika Khanna*. Electrochemical Biosensors for Disease Diagnostics. Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications. 2026; 28(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/nts/article=2026/view=247737


References

  1. Gutiérrez, M.; Nguyen, P. H.; Dang, H. Q.; Lee, J.S.; Kim, Y.T. Electrochemical biosensors for disease diagnosis: Recent advances and future perspectives. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2020, 165, 112364.
  2. Huang Y, Xu J, Liu J, Wang X, Chen B. Disease-related detection with electrochemical biosensors: a review. Sensors (Basel). 2017 Oct 17;17(10):2375. doi:10.3390/s17102375. PMID: 29065585; PMCID: PMC5664462.
  3. Goyal, R. N.; Bishnoi, S. Recent advances and challenges in electrochemical biosensors for clinical diagnosis. Biosensors 2020, 10 (8), 102.
  4. Bahadır, E. B.; Sezgintürk, M. K. Applications of commercial biosensors in clinical, food, environmental, and biothreat/biowarfare analyses. Analytical Biochemistry, 2016. 478, 107–120
  5. Rahman, M. M.; Ahammad, A.J.S. Electrochemical impedance biosensors for early disease diagnosis: A review. Microchim. Acta 2021, 188, 1–24.
  6. Ozsoz, M. Application of electrochemical biosensors in clinical diagnosis. In Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2014; Vol. 64, pp 257–282.
  7. Sharma, S.; Byrne, H. Electrochemical biosensors for cancer biomarkers detection: Recent trends and challenges. Anal. Chim. Acta 2022, 1208, 339901.
  8. Zhang, L; Wang, Y. Electrochemical biosensors for cancer diagnosis: Multitarget analysis to present molecular characteristics of tumor heterogeneity. JACS Au 2024, 4 (12), 3090–3104.
  9. Bandodkar, A. J.; Wang, J. Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: A review. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 2020, 131, 115983.
  10. Sempionatto, J. R.; Jeerapan, I; Krishnan, S. Wearable electrochemical sensors for clinical and sport applications. Chem. Rev. 2023, 123 (9), 5678–5725.
  11. Mahmoudi, Z.; Rezayi, M; Avan A. Paper-based electrochemical biosensor for diagnosing COVID-19: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and antigen. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2021, 183, 113213.
  12. Zhao, Y.; Liu X.; Zhang H. Flexible and wearable electrochemical biosensors for health monitoring. Advanced Functional Materials 2024, 34 (8), 2309123.
  13. Li, J.; Wu, Z.; Chen Y; Liu, H. Electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection: Progress and opportunities. npj Biosensing 2024, 2, 13.
  14. Ahmed, M. U.; Hossain, M. M. Nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for infectious disease detection. Talanta 2023, 253, 123742.
  15. Kim, H.; Park, J. Advances in electrochemical sensors for neurodegenerative biomarkers. Biosensors 2025, 15 (2), 120.
  16. Wang, J. Electrochemical biosensors: Towards point-of-care cancer diagnostics. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2006, 21 (10), 1887–1892.
  17. Lin, P. Skin-like biosensor system via electrochemical channels for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. Sci. Adv. 2018, 4 (12), e1701629.
Ahead of Print Subscription Original Research
Volume 28
02
Received 25/05/2026
Accepted 30/05/2026
Published 02/06/2026
Publication Time 8 Days
1

Login


My IP

PlumX Metrics