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Mohamed Faiz Farook R Mohamed Aboobucker,
Indra Neel Pulidindi,
- Student, Saveetha Medical College (SMC) and Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, India
- Assistant Professor, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Saveetha Medical College (SMC) and Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, India
Abstract
Levulinic acid (LA) has emerged as a versatile platform chemical with significant potential for producing renewable fuels like gamma-valerolactone (GVL), biodegradable polymers, and fine chemicals from biomass (both terrestrial and marine which ae rich in carbohydrate). The selective conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates to LA requires efficient catalytic systems that can overcome the recalcitrance of the biomass, namely the stiff-necked structural integrity of cellulose and the kind of strong interactions between the cellulose fraction and the lignin component. This often make pretreatment a necessary as well as c oust incurrent step in the conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals in general and to LA in particular. Solid acid catalysts have gained considerable attention due to their environmental benefits, ease of separation, and potential for reuse compared to conventional mineral acids part from being highly active as well as selective. An insight into the recent advances in the development of the solid acid catalysts for the conversion of biomass to LA is provided. Apart from highlighting the current understanding on the mechanistic pathways of biomass conversion, a detailed account of various classes of solid acid catalysts including sulfonated activated carbon materials, simple metal oxides, zeolites (alumino silicates), heteropolyacids (polyoxometallates or complex metal oxides), ion-exchange resins, metal organic framework’s (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), aerogels and evaluate their catalytic performance. The effects of reaction parameters, catalyst structure-activity relationships, and challenges related to catalyst stability and biomass preprocessing are critically analyzed. Finally, the emerging trends and future research directions towards the commercial viable solid acid-catalyzed levulinic acid production from renewable biomass feedstock is exemplified.
Keywords: Levulinic acid, Biomass, Solid acid catalyst, Carbon based catalysts; Zeolites; GaHPMo; Ga modified zeolite
Mohamed Faiz Farook R Mohamed Aboobucker, Indra Neel Pulidindi. Solid Acid Catalysts for the Selective Conversion of Biomass to Levulinic Acid. Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis. 2026; 13(01):-.
Mohamed Faiz Farook R Mohamed Aboobucker, Indra Neel Pulidindi. Solid Acid Catalysts for the Selective Conversion of Biomass to Levulinic Acid. Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis. 2026; 13(01):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jocc/article=2026/view=246279
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Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis
| Volume | 13 |
| 01 | |
| Received | 10/03/2026 |
| Accepted | 13/04/2026 |
| Published | 30/04/2026 |
| Publication Time | 51 Days |
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