Systematic Review on: Peptic Ulcer and Its Management

Year : 2026 | Volume : 16 | 01 | Page :
    By

    Devendra Kumar,

  1. Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), which affects 5–10% of people worldwide, is still a significant global health concern. Gastric acid and pepsin’s corrosive effects cause mucosal injury in the stomach, duodenum, or lower oesophagus. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori infection are the primary reasons. This review’s goal is to examine PUD’s aetiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, and evidence-based treatment modalities. PubMed, Google Scholar, Clinical Key, and WHO resources were used in a methodical search from 2010 to 2024. Only peer-reviewed articles, reputable medical websites, and clinical guidelines were included. Findings indicate that H. pylori continue to be a significant causative factor, accounting for 70% of stomach ulcers and 90% of duodenal ulcers.  NSAID-induced ulcers constitute a significant proportion, particularly among older adults and chronic pain patient. Key pathophysiological mechanisms involve mucosal barrier disruption, increased gastric acid secretion, and impaired healing processes. Asymptomatic to serious problems such gastric hemorrhage, perforation, and occlusion of the stomach outlet are examples of clinical symptoms. The urea breath test, endoscopy, biopsy, stool antigen test, and radiological imaging are among the diagnostic techniques. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2 blockers, antacids, cytoprotective medicines, H. pylori eradication therapy, and lifestyle changes are all effective treatments. Overall, this research finds that prompt identification, precise diagnosis, and suitable therapy considerably lower morbidity and avoid complications. PUD management outcomes will be further enhanced by ongoing research on antibiotic resistance, novel therapy combinations, and patient-centered preventive techniques.

Keywords: Peptic ulcer, Helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs, Proton pump inhibitors, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Gastric mucosa.

How to cite this article:
Devendra Kumar. Systematic Review on: Peptic Ulcer and Its Management. Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences. 2026; 16(01):-.
How to cite this URL:
Devendra Kumar. Systematic Review on: Peptic Ulcer and Its Management. Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences. 2026; 16(01):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjols/article=2026/view=243835


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Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume 16
01
Received 11/12/2025
Accepted 01/03/2026
Published 02/03/2026
Publication Time 81 Days
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