Fabrication and Comparative Study of Synthetic and Eggshell Waste Derived Hydroxyapatite-Based Composites for Biomedical Applications

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Year : 2026 | Volume : 14 | 03 | Page :
    By

    Subhasis Nath,

  • Sujan Krishna Samanta,

  • Sourav Debnath,

  • Soumya Mukherjee,

  1. Principal, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Central Tool Room and Training Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
  2. Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
  3. Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
  4. Assistant Professor, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite is widely used as a bioceramic material in orthopedic and dental field because of its exceptional biocompatibility and bioactivity. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) doped with several mineral ions has been frequently reported to further enhance its bioactive nature. Several studies indicate that biological waste materials can serve as calcium sources for hydroxyapatite synthesis, with eggshells being one such promising source. In the present work, two types of hydroxyapatite were synthesized: pure hydroxyapatite and 5% magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite (based on weight percentage). Laboratory-grade calcium hydroxide was used for synthetic HAp, while eggshell powder was employed for eggshell-derived HAp. The activity of the developed materials  in biological environment was assessed using in vitro methods. Porous ceramic blocks were fabricated by compacting the powders using a hydraulic press and sintering them at 950°C. Powder samples calcined at 800°C were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to assess the lattice parameters  and functional groups identification was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify. Apparent porosity was determined using Archimedes’ principle, confirming the presence of pores in the pellets. Hemolysis studies demonstrated that the synthesized materials are hemocompatible. Simulated body fluid (SBF) studies confirmed the appearance of apatite layer on the sintered pellets, establishing the bioactive and interactive nature of the developed materials.

Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, Eggshell waste, Lattice parameter, Surface morphology, In vitro biocompatibility.

How to cite this article:
Subhasis Nath, Sujan Krishna Samanta, Sourav Debnath, Soumya Mukherjee. Fabrication and Comparative Study of Synthetic and Eggshell Waste Derived Hydroxyapatite-Based Composites for Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(03):-.
How to cite this URL:
Subhasis Nath, Sujan Krishna Samanta, Sourav Debnath, Soumya Mukherjee. Fabrication and Comparative Study of Synthetic and Eggshell Waste Derived Hydroxyapatite-Based Composites for Biomedical Applications. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(03):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2026/view=242961


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Ahead of Print Subscription Original Research
Volume 14
03
Received 15/03/2026
Accepted 31/03/2026
Published 05/05/2026
Publication Time 51 Days
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