Exploring the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Biocompatibility of Compression-Molded PMMA for Biomaterial Applications

Notice

This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2026 | Volume : 14 | 02 | Page :
    By

    S. Baskar,

  • R. Rajappan,

  • V. Pugazhanthi,

  • P. Ashok kumar,

  • N. Ramanan,

  • J. Srinivas,

  1. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  2. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mailam Engineering College, Mailam, Tamil Nadu, India
  3. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mailam Engineering College, Mailam, Tamil Nadu, India
  4. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mailam Engineering College, Mailam, Tamil Nadu, India
  5. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Jayaram Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
  6. Assistant Professor, Department of Robtics and Automation, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Metals such as titanium, cobalt, and magnesium are commonly used as biomaterials. However, their use can lead to tissue reactions due to the formation of foreign bodies which may cause blood cancer. Researchers have addressed this issue by substituting biomaterials with polymethyl methacrylate materials (PMMA). The PMMA material being studied is produced using the compression molding technique. This article examines the mechanical properties and biotoxicity of PMMA. These materials have undergone several mechanical analyses, including flexural, tensile, and impact tests with a particular focus on their DMA and Bio toxic behavior. The mechanical behavior of PMMA indicates higher ductility in tensile, impact, and flexural, and it also exhibits high tangential loss with mass loss characteristics in the DMA test. Additionally, simulation analysis using FEA software, such as Ansys Workbench, simulated the prototype of the hip joint, and fracture surface analysis using SEM evaluation was carried out. Finally, the bio-toxic test was analyzed to determine the biocompatibility of PMMA. Therefore, the research will focus on the application of biomaterials, particularly on hip joint functionality.Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was developed via compression molding to overcome limitations of metallic biomaterials. Mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, impact, DMA), FEA simulation, and SEM fracture analysis revealed PMMA’s ductility, strength, and controlled mass loss. Biotoxicity evaluation confirmed its cytocompatibility, highlighting PMMA as a promising alternative for hip joint implants with potential for future surface modification and clinical validation.

Keywords: PMMA, Compression Molding, Mechanical Behavior, DMA analysis, FEA, bio-toxic analysis.

How to cite this article:
S. Baskar, R. Rajappan, V. Pugazhanthi, P. Ashok kumar, N. Ramanan, J. Srinivas. Exploring the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Biocompatibility of Compression-Molded PMMA for Biomaterial Applications. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(02):-.
How to cite this URL:
S. Baskar, R. Rajappan, V. Pugazhanthi, P. Ashok kumar, N. Ramanan, J. Srinivas. Exploring the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Biocompatibility of Compression-Molded PMMA for Biomaterial Applications. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2026/view=239804


References

  1. Diwakar P, Garima B, Johri UC, et al. Fabrication and characterization of cerium doped barium titanate/PMMA nanocomposites. Solid State Sci. 2013;19:122-9.
  2. Stefanescu EA, Tan X, Lin Z, Bowler N, Kessler MR. Multifunctional fiberglass-reinforced PMMA-BaTiO₃ structural/dielectric composites. Polymer. 2011;52:2016-24.
  3. Mittal G, Rhee KY, Park SJ. Processing and characterization of PMMA/PI composites reinforced with surface functionalized hexagonal boron nitride. Appl Surf Sci. 2017;415:49-54.
  4. Banks-Sills L, Shiber DG, Fourman V, Eliasi R, Shlayer A. Experimental determination of mechanical properties of PMMA reinforced with functionalized CNTs. Compos Part B Eng. 2016;95:335-45.
  5. Jindal P, Sain M, Kumar N. Mechanical characterization of PMMA/MWCNT composites under static and dynamic loading conditions. Mater Today Proc. 2015;2:1364-72.
  6. Yamamoto T, Makino Y, Uematsu K. Improved properties of PMMA composites: Dispersion, diffusion and surface adhesion of recycled carbon fiber fillers from CFRP with adsorbed particulate PMMA. Adv Powder Technol. 2017;28:2774-8.
  7. Shi C, Zhu Y, Qian H, Lu L. Fabrication of silicon nitride fiber-PMMA composite through free radical polymerization in batch. Mater Res Bull. 2014;51:161-6.
  8. He R, Niu F, Chang Q. Mechanical properties of TiO₂-filled CNT/PMMA composites. J Exp Nanosci. 2017;12(1):308-18.
  9. Varela-Rizo H, Bittolo Bon S, Rodriguez-Pastor I, Valentini L, Martin-Gullon I. Processing and functionalization effect in CNF/PMMA nanocomposites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf. 2012;43:711-21.
  10. Wang J, Shi Z, Ge Y, Wang Y, Fan J, Yin J. Solvent exfoliated graphene for reinforcement of PMMA composites prepared by in situ polymerization. Mater Chem Phys. 2012;136:43-50.
  11. Wang J, Wang C, Jiao G, Wang Q. Study of SiO₂/PMMA/CE tri-component interpenetrating polymer network composites. Mater Sci Eng A. 2012;527:2045-59.
  12. Akinci A, Sen S, Sen U. Friction and wear behavior of zirconium oxide reinforced PMMA composites. Compos Part B Eng. 2014;56:42-7.
  13. Poomalai P, Siddaramaiah. Studies on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends. J Macromol Sci Part A. 2006;42(10):1399-407.
  14. Rao V, Periyaswamy P, Bejaxhin ABH, Naveen E, Ramanan N, Teklemariam A. Wear behavioural study of hexagonal boron nitride and cubic boron nitride-reinforced aluminum MMC with sample analysis. J Nanomater. 2022;2022:7816372. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7816372.
  15. Bejaxhin ABH, Balamurugan GM, Sivagami SM, Ramkumar K, Vijayan V, Rajkumar S. Tribological behavior and analysis on surface roughness of CNC milled dual heat treated Al6061 composites. Adv Mater Sci Eng. 2021;2021:3844194. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3844194.
  16. Muhammad Z, Zafar S. Prosthodontic applications of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA): An update. Polymers (Basel). 2020;12:2299. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102299.
  17. Hassan M, Asghar M, Din SU, Zafar MS. Thermoset polymethacrylate-based materials for dental applications. In: Elsevier, editor. Thermosets. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2019. p. 273-308.
  18. Delfi M, Ghomi M, Zarrabi A, Mohammadinejad R, Taraghdari ZB, Ashrafizadeh M, et al. Functionalization of polymers and nanomaterials for biomedical applications: Antimicrobial platforms and drug carriers. Prosthesis. 2020;2:117-39.
  19. Rouabhia M, Chmielewski W. Diseases associated with oral polymicrobial biofilms. Open Mycol J. 2012;6:27-32.
  20. Makvandi P, Gu JT, Zare EN, Ashtari B, Moeini A, Tay FR, et al. Polymeric and inorganic nanoscopical antimicrobial fillers in dentistry. Acta Biomater. 2020;101:69-101.
  21. Díez-Pascual AM. PMMA-based nanocomposites for odontology applications: A state-of-the-art. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:10288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810288.
  22. León BLT, Cury AADB, Garcia RCMR. Loss of residual monomer from resilient lining materials processed by different methods. Rev OdontoCiênc. 2008;23:215-9.
  23. Rickman LJ, Padipatvuthikul P, Satterthwaite JD, McCord JF, Grey NJ, Winstanley RB, et al. Contemporary denture base resins: Part 1. Dent Update. 2012;39:25-30.
  24. Faltermeier A, Rosentritt M, Müssig D. Acrylic removable appliances: Comparative evaluation of different postpolymerization methods. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:301.e16-22.
  25. Tahayeri A, Morgan M, Fugolin AP, Bompolaki D, Athirasala A, Pfeifer CS, et al. 3D printed versus conventionally cured provisional crown and bridge dental materials. Dent Mater. 2018;34:192-200.
  26. Alqahtani M. Mechanical properties enhancement of self-cured PMMA reinforced with zirconia and boron nitride nanopowders for high-performance dental materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2020;103:103556.
Ahead of Print Subscription Original Research
Volume 14
02
Received 17/09/2025
Accepted 06/11/2025
Published 07/04/2026
Publication Time 202 Days
27

Login


My IP

PlumX Metrics