High-Velocity Impact Response of CFRP and Hybrid Composites: A Comprehensive Review on Ballistic Resistance and Damage Mechanisms

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Year : 2026 | Volume : 14 | 02 | Page :
    By

    Gopal Wadnere,

  • Kiran Kaware,

  • Mangesh Kotambkar,

  • Vishal Sulakhe,

  • Ankur Vasava,

  • Manoj Salunke,

  • Nandkishor Sawai,

  1. Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sandip University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SOET, Sandip University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
  3. Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
  4. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SOET, Sandip University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
  5. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SOET, Sandip University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
  6. Assistant Professor, Automation & Robotics, Guru Gobind Singh College of Engineering and Research Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
  7. Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sandip institute of technology and research, Nashik, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

This review consolidates recent advances in the study of high-velocity impact response of carbon fiber reinforced polymer and hybrid composites. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites are widely applied in aerospace, automotive, and defense due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, stiffness, and durability. However, their susceptibility to impact damage such as delamination, matrix cracking, and fiber breakage limits their performance under dynamic loading. To overcome these challenges, researchers have explored reinforcement strategies including fiber hybridization, sandwich structures, natural fiber incorporation, and nanoparticle modification. This paper critically examines the influence of material composition, stacking sequence, geometrical parameters, and environmental conditions on the dynamic response of composites. Both experimental and numerical methods, including finite element simulations and damage models, are reviewed to understand ballistic limits, energy absorption mechanisms, and failure patterns. The findings highlight hybridization with Kevlar, glass, and basalt fibers, and the use of sandwich and bio-composites, as promising approaches for enhancing impact resistance. The review provides insight into the damage mechanics of composites under high-velocity impact and identifies future research pathways toward designing lightweight, cost-effective, and impact-tolerant structural materials.

Keywords: CFRP, Hybrid Composites, High-Velocity Impact, Ballistic Performance, Damage Mechanisms

How to cite this article:
Gopal Wadnere, Kiran Kaware, Mangesh Kotambkar, Vishal Sulakhe, Ankur Vasava, Manoj Salunke, Nandkishor Sawai. High-Velocity Impact Response of CFRP and Hybrid Composites: A Comprehensive Review on Ballistic Resistance and Damage Mechanisms. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(02):-.
How to cite this URL:
Gopal Wadnere, Kiran Kaware, Mangesh Kotambkar, Vishal Sulakhe, Ankur Vasava, Manoj Salunke, Nandkishor Sawai. High-Velocity Impact Response of CFRP and Hybrid Composites: A Comprehensive Review on Ballistic Resistance and Damage Mechanisms. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2026/view=239531


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Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume 14
02
Received 13/01/2026
Accepted 03/02/2026
Published 31/03/2026
Publication Time 77 Days
60

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