A study on Controlling Artificial Heart

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This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2026 | Volume : 17 | 01 | Page :
    By

    Heena T. Shaikh,

  • IR. Dr. Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat,

  1. Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Brahmdevdada Mane Institute of Technology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
  2. Professor and Head, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Brahmdevdada Mane Institute of Technology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The artificial heart has moved from a visionary concept to a clinically viable organreplacement technology, yet its longterm success hinges on the sophistication of its control architecture. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of closedloop control strategies that enable an artificial heart to mimic the dynamic, beattobeat adaptability of its biological counterpart. We first construct a highfidelity cardiovascular model that integrates ventricular elastance, systemic and pulmonary vascular compliance, and realtime autonomic feedback. Building on this platform, three families of controllers are examined: (i) a modelpredictive controller (MPC) that anticipates hemodynamic disturbances by solving a constrained optimization problem at each cardiac cycle; (ii) an adaptive fuzzylogic controller (AFLC) that learns patientspecific nonlinear relationships between preload, afterload, and contractility; and (iii) a sensorfusion proportionalintegralderivative (PID) scheme that fuses pressure, flow, and bioimpedance signals to compensate for sensor dropout and noise. Simulation results across a spectrum of physiological challenges—including rapid postural changes, exerciseinduced demand, and sudden vascular occlusion—demonstrate that the MPC consistently maintains arterial pressure within ±5 % of target values while minimizing energy consumption. The AFLC exhibits superior robustness to model mismatch and patient variability, whereas the sensorfusion PID offers the most straightforward implementation with acceptable performance. A hybrid controller that blends MPC’s foresight with AFLC’s adaptability is proposed, achieving the best tradeoff between precision, resilience, and computational load. These findings illuminate a pathway toward nextgeneration artificial hearts that can autonomously regulate circulation with a level of finesse previously reserved for living tissue.

Keywords: Control, Artificial Heart, Sensor, Actuator, Pressure.

How to cite this article:
Heena T. Shaikh, IR. Dr. Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat. A study on Controlling Artificial Heart. Journal of Control & Instrumentation. 2026; 17(01):-.
How to cite this URL:
Heena T. Shaikh, IR. Dr. Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat. A study on Controlling Artificial Heart. Journal of Control & Instrumentation. 2026; 17(01):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/joci/article=2026/view=238901


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Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume 17
01
Received 26/02/2026
Accepted 27/02/2026
Published 20/03/2026
Publication Time 22 Days
43

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