Design and Implementation of an Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network for Remote Monitoring

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This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2026 | Volume : 13 | 01 | Page :
    By

    Rahul Ghodake,

  • Vaibhav Godase,

  • Swapnil Takale,

  • Altaf Mulani,

  1. Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, SKN Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, SKN Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India
  3. Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, SKN Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India
  4. Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, SKN Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Applications such as industrial automation, environmental monitoring, and agriculture make extensive use of wireless sensor networks, or WSNs. Since sensor nodes frequently operate in remote locations and have limited battery power, energy efficiency is the largest problem in WSN design. This paper presents an energy-efficient WSN architecture that combines optimized clustering and duty-cycling mechanisms to reduce energy consumption and increase network lifetime. The system uses low-power ESP32 nodes with Zigbee transceivers for communication. The suggested architecture is assessed using NS-3 simulation, and its viability in the real world is confirmed by a hardware implementation. Analysis is done on performance measures like latency, energy consumption rate, packet delivery ratio, and network lifetime. According to simulation and experimental data, the suggested design preserves a high packet delivery ratio and consistent communication performance while extending network lifetime by roughly 32% when compared to the LEACH protocol and 22% when compared to PEGASIS. Low-power ESP32-based sensor nodes together with Zigbee transceivers are used in the suggested system to provide dependable, low-data-rate, and energy-conscious wireless communication. In order to balance energy usage throughout the network, the clustering technique dynamically chooses cluster heads depending on communication costs and residual energy. Additionally, by effectively arranging sleep and wake-up times, the duty-cycling mechanism reduces idle listening and pointless transmissions.The outcomes validate the suitability of the suggested energy-conscious architecture for extensive, long-term WSN installations in energy-constrained settings. Simulation in NS-3 and practical implementation show that the proposed design extends network lifetime by 32% compared to LEACH and 22% compared to PEGASIS, while maintaining high packet delivery ratio.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Energy Efficiency, Remote Monitoring, Zigbee, IoT, Clustering Protocols

How to cite this article:
Rahul Ghodake, Vaibhav Godase, Swapnil Takale, Altaf Mulani. Design and Implementation of an Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network for Remote Monitoring. Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks. 2026; 13(01):-.
How to cite this URL:
Rahul Ghodake, Vaibhav Godase, Swapnil Takale, Altaf Mulani. Design and Implementation of an Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network for Remote Monitoring. Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks. 2026; 13(01):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jotssn/article=2026/view=238501


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Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume 13
01
Received 12/01/2026
Accepted 16/02/2026
Published 06/03/2026
Publication Time 53 Days
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