This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.
Kartik Singh Jadon,
Indresh Sharma,
Khwaish saini,
Aisha Rafi,
- Student, Artificial Intelligence And Data Science(AI&DS) Poornima Institute Of Engineering And Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Student, Artificial Intelligence And Data Science(AI&DS) Poornima Institute Of Engineering And Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Student, Artificial Intelligence And Data Science(AI&DS) Poornima Institute Of Engineering And Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Assistant Professor, Artificial Intelligence And Data Science(AI&DS) Poornima Institute Of Engineering And Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are dynamic branches of computer science that focus on developing systems capable of executing tasks commonly associated with human intelligence. These activities encompass making choices, resolving issues, understanding language, identifying patterns, and learning through experience. Artificial Intelligence refers to the broad area of designing systems and frameworks that enable machines to perform tasks resembling human thought and behavior. This field integrates diverse technologies such as machine learning, language interpretation, robotics, and visual data processing. AI applications range from simple tasks, such as recommendations on streaming services, to complex ones, like autonomous driving vehicles. Machine Learning, a subset of Artificial Intelligence, focuses on developing algorithms that allow computers to recognize patterns and make informed decisions using data, without the need for detailed programming for every task. These algorithms enhance their accuracy by learning from past experiences and continuously optimizing their results. The field includes several methodologies—such as supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning—each designed to address different types of challenges and data formats. The integration of AI and ML into various sectors has led to significant advancements, including improved healthcare diagnostics, enhanced customer service through chatbots, efficient data analysis, and automation of routine tasks. However, it also poses ethical and societal challenges, such as job displacement, privacy concerns, and ensuring fairness in AI algorithms. Overall, AI and ML represent transformative technologies that are reshaping industries, augmenting human capabilities, and opening new frontiers in scientific research and innovation.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Bias, Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning
Kartik Singh Jadon, Indresh Sharma, Khwaish saini, Aisha Rafi. Intelligent Systems: A study on AI and Machine learning. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances. 2026; 13(01):-.
Kartik Singh Jadon, Indresh Sharma, Khwaish saini, Aisha Rafi. Intelligent Systems: A study on AI and Machine learning. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances. 2026; 13(01):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/joaira/article=2026/view=237209
References
- Adadi A, Berrada M. Peeking inside the black-box: a survey on explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). IEEE access. 2018 Sep 16;6:52138-60.
- Adebayo J, Gilmer J, Muelly M, Goodfellow I, Hardt M, Kim B. Sanity checks for saliency maps. Advances in neural information processing systems. 2018;31.
- Bilal A, Jourabloo A, Ye M, Liu X, Ren L. Do convolutional neural networks learn class hierarchy?. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics. 2017 Aug 29;24(1):152-62.
- Alvarez-Melis D, Jaakkola T. A causal framework for explaining the predictions of black-box sequence-to- sequence models. InProceedings of the 2017 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing 2017 Sep (pp. 412-421).
- Alzubaidi L, Resan R, Abdul Hussain H, Alwzwazy HA, Albehadili H. A robust deep learning approachto detect nuclei in histopathological images. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering. 2017 Mar;5:7-12.
- Arvaniti E, Fricker KS, Moret M, Rupp N, Hermanns T, Fankhauser C, Wey N, Wild PJ, Rueschoff JH, Claassen M. Automated Gleason grading of prostate cancer tissue microarrays via deep learning. Scientific reports. 2018 Aug 13;8(1):12054.
- Ayhan MS, Berens P. Test-time data augmentation for estimation of heteroscedastic aleatoric uncertainty in deep neural networks. InMedical Imaging with Deep Learning 2018 Jul 4.
- Bach S, Binder A, Montavon G, Klauschen F, Müller KR, Samek W. On pixel-wise explanations for non-linear classifier decisions by layer-wise relevance propagation. PloS one. 2015 Jul 10;10(7):e0130140.
- Bera K, Schalper KA, Rimm DL, Velcheti V, Madabhushi A. Artificial intelligence in digital pathology—new tools for diagnosis and precision oncology. Nature reviews Clinical oncology. 2019 Nov;16(11):703-15.
- Heinz CN, Echle A, Foersch S, Bychkov A, Kather JN. The future of artificial intelligence in digital pathology–results of a survey across stakeholder groups. Histopathology. 2022 Jun;80(7):1121-7.

Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances
| Volume | 13 |
| 01 | |
| Received | 05/04/2025 |
| Accepted | 29/07/2025 |
| Published | 19/02/2026 |
| Publication Time | 320 Days |
Login
PlumX Metrics