Genetic Detection of Hepatitis C -Virus and Occult Hepatitis B in Patients from Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate, Iraq.

Year : 2026 | Volume : 16 | 01 | Page :
    By

    Farah Jaber Kazem Satoot,

  • Elham Jawad Kadhum,

  1. Assistant Lecturer, Department of Biology, The General Directorate of Education, Najaf, , Iraq
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, College of Education for Girls, University of Kufa, , Iraq

Abstract

Recently, a noticeable increase in the prevalence of occult Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections has been observed among clinical cases such as patients undergoing hemodialysis, blood transfusion, liver diseases, and thalassemia worldwide. To limit and control this spread, the present study was conducted to investigate and detect the molecular presence of HCV and occult HBV using the Nested PCR technique, as well as to observe the effect of demographic and social factors on the infection rate. A total of 150 clinical samples were collected from both male and female patients of different age groups and various residential areas. Samples were obtained from the Blood Center, Central Public Health Laboratory, Al-Sadr Medical City, Kidney Center, Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, the National Hospital, and the Gastroenterology and Liver Hospital in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate. The global prevalence of HCV and occult HBV among hemodialysis, blood transfusion, liver, and thalassemia patients indicates a strong association with healthcare centers. Therefore, preventive and monitoring procedures are highly essential to reduce the transmission of infection. Patients visiting these centers for treatment should be guided on personal hygiene, vaccination, and appropriate medical follow-up, in collaboration with the Training Department of the Directorate of Health and the Patient Safety Division. In particular, therapeutic hemodialysis procedures should be carefully organized in a sequence that ensures patient safety without affecting the treatment schedules in hemodialysis departments.

Keywords: PCR, HBV, HCV, liver Cancer , hepatitis

How to cite this article:
Farah Jaber Kazem Satoot, Elham Jawad Kadhum. Genetic Detection of Hepatitis C -Virus and Occult Hepatitis B in Patients from Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate, Iraq.. Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology. 2025; 16(01):-.
How to cite this URL:
Farah Jaber Kazem Satoot, Elham Jawad Kadhum. Genetic Detection of Hepatitis C -Virus and Occult Hepatitis B in Patients from Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate, Iraq.. Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology. 2025; 16(01):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjomv/article=2025/view=236227


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Ahead of Print Subscription Original Research
Volume 16
01
Received 21/11/2025
Accepted 18/12/2025
Published 20/12/2025
Publication Time 29 Days
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