The Characteristics of Square-Well Fluid Transport Coefficients

Year : 2025 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 03 | Page : 33 44
    By

    Dharmendra Kumar Dwivedee,

  • K.K. Shukla,

  • Dharmendra Pal,

  1. Research Scholar, Department of Physics, Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
  2. Professor, Department of Physics, Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
  3. Senior Faculty, Department of Physics, St. Fidelis College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The transport coefficients of the hard-sphere system were first computed by Alder, providing foundational insight into the microscopic origins of viscosity, diffusion, and thermal conductivity in simple fluids. Building on this framework, Evans derived a generalized Langevin equation to describe the time evolution of dynamical variables, incorporating memory effects and non-Markovian behavior in molecular motion. These theoretical developments established a bridge between microscopic interactions and macroscopic transport properties. When an attractive square-well potential is introduced in place of purely repulsive hard-sphere interaction, the system exhibits qualitatively distinct transport behavior. The attractive component significantly modifies collision dynamics, intermolecular correlations, and energy transfer processes. As the range and depth of the square-well potential increase, diffusion coefficients and shear viscosities display non-monotonic trends, reflecting competition between cohesive forces and kinetic mobility. Particularly at low to moderate densities, the addition of attractive interactions leads to substantial alterations in the characteristic transport coefficients, often producing enhanced dynamic heterogeneity and transient clustering effects. One of the most striking consequences is the observed breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation, which links self-diffusion to viscosity. In square-well fluids, this breakdown emerges at minimum densities and near the onset of liquid-like ordering, indicating a decoupling between molecular mobility and macroscopic resistance to flow. Such deviations underscore the limitations of classical transport models and highlight the importance of intermolecular attractions in determining the dynamic and rheological properties of dense and complex fluids.

Keywords: Liquids, behavior, measurements, hypotheses, potential

[This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics ]

How to cite this article:
Dharmendra Kumar Dwivedee, K.K. Shukla, Dharmendra Pal. The Characteristics of Square-Well Fluid Transport Coefficients. Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics. 2025; 14(03):33-44.
How to cite this URL:
Dharmendra Kumar Dwivedee, K.K. Shukla, Dharmendra Pal. The Characteristics of Square-Well Fluid Transport Coefficients. Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics. 2025; 14(03):33-44. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjophy/article=2025/view=233870


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 14
Issue 03
Received 04/10/2025
Accepted 24/11/2025
Published 15/11/2025
Publication Time 42 Days
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