A New Computational Method for Dust and Gas Dynamics in Protoplanetary Discs

Year : 2025 | Volume : 01 | Issue : 02 | Page : 35 46
    By

    V. Basil Hans,

  1. Research Professor, Srinivas University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The simultaneous evolution of dust and gas in protoplanetary discs regulates essential events in planet formation, such as dust accumulation, migration, and the initiation of gravitational instabilities. Nevertheless, precisely modelling this interaction continues to provide a significant computing problem owing to the extensive variety of spatial and temporal scales involved. In this study, we introduce an innovative computational framework for simulating dust-gas dynamics in protoplanetary discs, integrating a two-fluid hydrodynamical formulation with an adaptive, high- resolution numerical method. Our technique takes into account both aerodynamic drag and turbulent diffusion, and it keeps the gas and dust momentum equations consistent with one other. Benchmark experiments against analytical solutions and existing numerical models show that our method works better and is more stable over a wide range of Stokes values. We utilise this paradigm to investigate dust concentration and entrapment in pressure bumps, uncovering novel insights into the conditions conducive to planetesimal formation. This computational method is a strong and useful way to study how dust and gas interact in protoplanetary environments that are changing. Additionally, the framework’s adaptive refinement strategy enables efficient tracking of small-scale instabilities that typically remain unresolved in standard simulations. By capturing localized dust enhancement, the model offers improved predictions of pebble accretion efficiency and dust-to-gas ratio variations across disc regions. Furthermore, the approach provides flexibility for incorporating additional physics such as magnetohydrodynamic turbulence or grain growth, thereby broadening its applicability to diverse disc conditions. These advancements enhance our ability to explore the early stages of planetary system evolution with greater precision.

Keywords: Protoplanetary discs, Dust-gas dynamics, Hydrodynamical simulations, Planet formation, Numerical methods, Aerodynamic drag

[This article belongs to International Journal of Universe ]

How to cite this article:
V. Basil Hans. A New Computational Method for Dust and Gas Dynamics in Protoplanetary Discs. International Journal of Universe. 2025; 01(02):35-46.
How to cite this URL:
V. Basil Hans. A New Computational Method for Dust and Gas Dynamics in Protoplanetary Discs. International Journal of Universe. 2025; 01(02):35-46. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/iju/article=2025/view=233532


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 01
Issue 02
Received 30/10/2025
Accepted 06/11/2025
Published 06/12/2025
Publication Time 37 Days
107

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