HPV and Cardiovascular Risk: Unpacking a Novel Link Between Viral Infection and Heart Disease

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Notice

nThis is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.n

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Year : 2025 [if 2224 equals=””]11/09/2025 at 4:20 PM[/if 2224] | [if 1553 equals=””] Volume : 02 [else] Volume : [/if 1553] | [if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue : [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] 02 | Page :

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    Alisha Arzoo,

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  1. Researcher, MSc Medical Virology, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi -110062, India

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Abstract

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nHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is best known for its oncogenic potential, yet a growing body of evidence suggests that persistent HPV infection may also contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 2025, pooled analyses and conference reports galvanized attention by estimating that HPV‐positive individuals have ~40% higher risk of CVD and approximately double the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with HPV‐negative peers, even after adjustment for traditional risk factors. These findings build on earlier cohorts linking high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) to incident CVD and, more recently, to CVD mortality in population studies. Mechanistic hypotheses include chronic low‐grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, immune and metabolic reprogramming driven by HPV oncoproteins (E6/E7), and even more provocatively possible direct vascular involvement, with small studies detecting HPV DNA and proteins within atherosclerotic plaques. Although causality is not proven, the totality of data positions HPV as a candidate “non-traditional” risk factor that may help explain residual CVD risk beyond smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes.This review synthesizes epidemiologic signals, pathophysiologic plausibility, and early translational observations connecting HPV to atherosclerotic disease and stroke. It also considers the emerging question of whether HPV vaccination might confer cardiometabolic spillover benefits. We highlight knowledge gaps (temporal dynamics, genotype specificity, sex differences, and confounding by sexual health and socioeconomic determinants), outline practical, low-regret clinical responses (opportunistic vaccination, vigilant risk factor control in hrHPV-positive adults), and propose a research agenda spanning prospective cohorts, plaque viromics, and randomized vaccine-outcome trials. While definitive causality awaits, clinicians and public health teams should recognize HPV as a potential contributor to CVD risk and leverage existing prevention tools particularly vaccination and aggressive management of modifiable riskswhile the science matures.nn

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Keywords: Human papillomavirus; cardiovascular disease; atherosclerosis; endothelial dysfunction; inflammation; coronary artery disease; HPV vaccination; residual risk.

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to International Journal of Virus Studies ]

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How to cite this article:
nAlisha Arzoo. [if 2584 equals=”][226 wpautop=0 striphtml=1][else]HPV and Cardiovascular Risk: Unpacking a Novel Link Between Viral Infection and Heart Disease[/if 2584]. International Journal of Virus Studies. 08/09/2025; 02(02):-.

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How to cite this URL:
nAlisha Arzoo. [if 2584 equals=”][226 striphtml=1][else]HPV and Cardiovascular Risk: Unpacking a Novel Link Between Viral Infection and Heart Disease[/if 2584]. International Journal of Virus Studies. 08/09/2025; 02(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijvs/article=08/09/2025/view=0

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International Journal of Virus Studies

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[if 344 not_equal=””]ISSN: 3049-1924[/if 344]

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Volume 02
[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] 02
Received 28/08/2025
Accepted 04/09/2025
Published 08/09/2025
Retracted
Publication Time 11 Days

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