Innovations in Targeted Drug Discovery for Personalized Medicine

[{“box”:0,”content”:”n[if 992 equals=”Open Access”]n

n

n

n

Open Access

nn

n

n[/if 992]n[if 2704 equals=”Yes”]n

n

Notice

nThis is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.n

n[/if 2704]n

n

Year : 2025 [if 2224 equals=””]26/08/2025 at 9:25 PM[/if 2224] | [if 1553 equals=””] Volume : 12 [else] Volume : [/if 1553] | [if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue : [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] 03 | Page :

n

n

nn

n

n

n

    By

    n

    [foreach 286]n

    n

    Sudipta Roy,

    n t

  • n

    n[/foreach]

    n

n[if 2099 not_equal=”Yes”]n

    [foreach 286] [if 1175 not_equal=””]n t

  1. Associate Professor, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dubrajpur, Birbhum, West Bengal, India

    2. n[/if 1175][/foreach]

n[/if 2099][if 2099 equals=”Yes”][/if 2099]n

n

Abstract

n

Edit

n

nPersonalized medicine is revolutionizing modern healthcare by custoizing treatment plans to match an individual’s genetic makeup, protein expression, and metabomlic characteristics. Also referred to as precision medicine, this approach seeks to improve therapeutic outcomes, reduce adverse effects, and make efficient use of healthcare resources. The incorporation of various omics technologies—including genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics—has greatly advanced our ability to understand disease biology and molecular variations specific to each patient.Proteoformics has emerged as a powerful tool to explore protein diversity and identify new therapeutic targets, especially in complex diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially through machine learning and deep learning techniques, significantly speeds up drug discovery by enabling virtual screening, molecular docking, and predictive modeling. In parallel, 3D printing enhances personalized healthcare by facilitating the development of customized drug delivery systems and patient-specific medical devices. Additionally, pharmacogenomics offers valuable information on individual variations in drug response, contributing to safer and more precise therapeutic strategies. Multi-omics data integration is advancing precision oncology and aiding in early disease detection, treatment optimization, and biomarker identification. Despite challenges such as data privacy, regulatory barriers, and limited access, the synergy between AI and biomedical science is redefining the future of targeted therapy. This review highlights the interdisciplinary innovations driving personalized medicine and demonstrates how these technologies collectively pave the way for a new era of individualized and efficient healthcare.nn

n

n

n

Keywords: Personalized Medicine, Proteomics, Genomics, Artificial Intelligence, 3D Printing

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery ]

n

[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery (rrjoddd)][/if 424][if 424 equals=”Conference”]This article belongs to Conference [/if 424]

n

n

n

How to cite this article:
nSudipta Roy. [if 2584 equals=”][226 wpautop=0 striphtml=1][else]Innovations in Targeted Drug Discovery for Personalized Medicine[/if 2584]. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery. 25/08/2025; 12(03):-.

n

How to cite this URL:
nSudipta Roy. [if 2584 equals=”][226 striphtml=1][else]Innovations in Targeted Drug Discovery for Personalized Medicine[/if 2584]. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery. 25/08/2025; 12(03):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjoddd/article=25/08/2025/view=0

nn

n

n[if 992 equals=”Open Access”]Full Text PDF[/if 992]n

n

n[if 992 not_equal=”Open Access”]n

n

n[/if 992]n

nn

n nn

n[if 379 not_equal=””]nn

Browse Figures

n

n

n[foreach 379]

figures

[/foreach]n

n

n

n[/if 379]

n

n

Edit

n

n

n

References n

n[if 1104 equals=””]n

1. Zhou Y, Peng S, Wang H, Cai X, Wang Q. Review of personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics of anti-cancer compounds and natural products. Genes. 2024 Apr
8;15(4):468.
2. Sisodiya SM. Precision medicine and therapies of the future. Epilepsia. 2021 Mar;62:S90-105.
3. Bresnick J. What are precision medicine and personalized medicine. HealthITAnalytics. 2018.
4. Carini C, Seyhan AA. Tribulations and future opportunities for artificial intelligence in precision medicine. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2024 Apr 30;22(1):411.
5. Olorunsogo TO, Balogun OD, Ayo-Farai O, Ogundairo O, Maduka CP, Okongwu CC, Onwumere C. Bioinformatics and personalized medicine in the US: A comprehensive review: Scrutinizing the advancements in genomics and their potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews. 2024;21(1):335-51.
6. Mansoor S, Hamid S, Tuan TT, Park JE, Chung YS. Advance computational tools for multiomics data learning. Biotechnology Advances. 2024 Sep 7:108447.
7. Kobeissy F, Goli M, Yadikar H, Shakkour Z, Kurup M, Haidar MA, Alroumi S, Mondello S, Wang KK, Mechref Y. Advances in neuroproteomics for neurotrauma: unraveling insights for
personalized medicine and future prospects. Frontiers in Neurology. 2023 Nov 22;14:1288740.
8. Tiwari P, Pandey R, Chadha S. Integrative Multi-Omics Approaches for Personalized Medicine and Health. Current Bioinformatics. 2025 Feb 10.
9. Saraf S, De A, Tripathy BK. Effective use of computational biology and artificial intelligence in the domain of medical oncology. InComputational Intelligence for Oncology and Neurological
Disorders 2024 (pp. 228-252). CRC Press.
10. Lu DY, Qu RX, Lu TR, Wu HY. Cancer bioinformatics for updating anticancer drug developments and personalized therapeutics. Reviews on recent clinical trials. 2017 Jun 1;12(2):101-10.
11. Jiménez‐Santos MJ, García‐Martín S, Fustero‐Torre C, Di Domenico T, Gómez‐López G,
12. Kumar P. Advances in developing novel
Al‐Shahrour F. Bioinformatics roadmap for therapy selection in cancer genomics. Molecular
Oncology. 2022 Nov;16(21):3881-908.therapeutics, strategies, approaches, and use of
emerging techniques. InProtein Misfolding in Neurodegenerative Diseases 2025 Jan 1 (pp. 291-
318). Academic Press.
13. Su J, Yang L, Sun Z, Zhan X. Personalized drug therapy: innovative concept guided with proteoformics. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 2024 Mar 1;23(3).
14. Taherdoost H, Ghofrani A. AI and the Evolution of Personalized Medicine in Pharmacogenomics. Intelligent Pharmacy. 2024 Aug 20.
15. Nagalakshmi R, Khan SB, Mahesh TR, Alojail M, Sangwan SR, Saraee M. Enhancing drug discovery and patient care through advanced analytics with the power of NLP and machine learning in pharmaceutical data interpretation. SLAS technology. 2025 Apr 1;31:100238.
16. Colburn WA. Biomarkers in drug discovery and development: from target identification through drug marketing. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2003 Apr;43(4):329-41.
17. Liu SY, Jin ZY, Deng JY, Zhong SM, Ahn MJ, Horinouchi H, Li Y, Wu YL. Drug development and evidence for lung cancer targeted therapy in Eastern Asia. The Lancet Regional Health–Western Pacific. 2024 Jul 8.
18. Xiao W, Jiang W, Chen Z, Huang Y, Mao J, Zheng W, Hu Y, Shi J. Advance in peptide-based drug development: delivery platforms, therapeutics and vaccines. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2025 Mar 5;10(1):74.
19. Bhuskute H, Shende P, Prabhakar B. 3D printed personalized medicine for cancer: applications for betterment of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2022 Jan;23:1-2.
20. Alzoubi L, Aljabali AA, Tambuwala MM. Empowering precision medicine: the impact of 3D printing on personalized therapeutic. Aaps Pharmscitech. 2023 Nov 14;24(8):228.
21. Odah M. Artificial Intelligence Meets Drug Discovery: A Systematic Review on AI-Powered Target Identification and Molecular Design.
22. Rehman AU, Li M, Wu B, Ali Y, Rasheed S, Shaheen S, Liu X, Luo R, Zhang J. Role of artificial intelligence in revolutionizing drug discovery. Fundamental Research. 2024 May 9.
23. Hasanzad M, Nosrati M, Khatami F, Rahmani P, Sarhangi N, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M. Drug discovery in the context of precision medicine and artificial intelligence. Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development. 2024 Dec 31;9(1):42-53.
24. Ruiz-Ceja KA, Chirino YI. Current FDA-approved treatments for non-small cell lung cancer and potential biomarkers for its detection. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2017 Jun 1;90:24-37.
25. Sisk JM, Frieman MB. Screening of FDA-approved drugs for treatment of emerging pathogens. ACS infectious diseases. 2015 Sep 11;1(9):401-2.
26. Kai J, Liu X, Wu M, Liu P, Lin M, Yang H, Zhao Q. Technological advances in clinical individualized medication for cancer therapy: from genes to whole organism. Personalized Medicine. 2025 Jan 9:1-4.

27. Supplitt S, Karpinski P, Sasiadek M, Laczmanska I. Current achievements and applications of transcriptomics in personalized cancer medicine. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021 Jan 31;22(3):1422.
28. Kronfol MM, Dozmorov MG, Huang R, Slattum PW, McClay JL. The role of epigenomics in personalized medicine. Expert review of precision medicine and drug development. 2017 Jan 2;2(1):33-45.
29. Esplin ED, Oei L, Snyder MP. Personalized sequencing and the future of medicine: discovery, diagnosis and defeat of disease. Pharmacogenomics. 2014 Nov 1;15(14):1771-90.
30. Raley C, Jiang MK, Zheng X, Liang D, Rehman MT, Highbarger HC, Jiao X, Sherman B, Ma L, Chen X, Skelly T. Towards better precision medicine: PacBio single-molecule long reads resolve the interpretation of HIV drug resistant mutation profiles at explicit quasispecies (haplotype) level. Journal of data mining in genomics & proteomics. 2015 Nov 8;7(1):182.
31. Chen J, Xu F. Application of nanopore sequencing in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infections. Molecular diagnosis & therapy. 2023 Nov;27(6):685-701.
32. Alaaeddine R, Fayad M, Nehme E, Bahmad HF, Kobeissy F. The emerging role of proteomics in precision medicine: applications in neurodegenerative diseases and neurotrauma. Personalised Medicine: Lessons from Neurodegeneration to Cancer. 2017:59-70.
33. Beigi YZ, Lanjanian H, Fayazi R, Salimi M, Hoseyni BH, Noroozizadeh MH, Masoudi-Nejad A. Heterogeneity and molecular landscape of melanoma: Implications for targeted therapy. Molecular Biomedicine. 2024 May 10;5(1):17.
34. Robson, M. et al. (2017). Olaparib for metastatic breast cancer in patients with a germline BRCA mutation. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(6), 523–533. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1706450 .
35. Aebersold, R., & Mann, M. (2016). Mass-spectrometric exploration of proteome structure and function. Nature, 537(7620), 347–355. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19949.

nn[/if 1104][if 1104 not_equal=””]n

    [foreach 1102]n t

  1. [if 1106 equals=””], [/if 1106][if 1106 not_equal=””],[/if 1106]

    2. n[/foreach]

n[/if 1104]

n

nn[if 1114 equals=”Yes”]n

n[/if 1114]

n

n

[if 424 not_equal=””][else]Ahead of Print[/if 424] Subscription Review Article

n

n

[if 2146 equals=”Yes”][/if 2146][if 2146 not_equal=”Yes”][/if 2146]n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n[if 1748 not_equal=””]

[else]

[/if 1748]n

n[if 1746 equals=”Retracted”]n

n

n

n

[/if 1746]n[if 4734 not_equal=””]

n

n

n

[/if 4734]n

n

Volume 12
[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] 03
Received 08/08/2025
Accepted 20/08/2025
Published 25/08/2025
Retracted
Publication Time 17 Days

n

n

49

nn

n

Login

n
My IP
n

PlumX Metrics

nn

n

n

n[if 1746 equals=”Retracted”]n

[/if 1746]nnn

nnn”}]