Design and Implementation of a Smart Irrigation System for Efficient Water Management in Agriculture

Notice

This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2025 | Volume : 16 | 03 | Page :
    By

    Prof. V. B. Utpat,

  • Diganta S. Gavhane,

  • Pranjali D. Bedre,

  • Sanika H. Chaudhari,

  1. Assistant Professor, Electronics & Telecommunication SKN Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pandharpur., Maharashtra, India
  2. Student, Electronics & Telecommunication SKN Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pandharpur., Maharashtra, India
  3. Student, Electronics & Telecommunication SKN Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pandharpur., Maharashtra, India
  4. Student, Electronics & Telecommunication SKN Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pandharpur., Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Water is one of the most important resources in farming, and using it wisely has become more important than ever. Traditional irrigation methods often lead to a lot of water being wasted, especially when watering is done without checking if the soil actually needs it. This project focuses on building a Smart Irrigation System that uses basic electronic components like soil moisture sensor, DC Motor, IC7805, Relay Module and a water pump to solve this problem in a simple and effective way. The system works by constantly checking the moisture level in the soil. If the soil is too dry, the Arduino automatically turns on the water pump to irrigate the area. Once the soil has enough moisture, the system turns off the pump, avoiding overwatering. This helps save water and reduces the need for someone to manually monitor the crops all the time. Our aim with this project is to support farmers by making irrigation easier, more efficient, and less time- consuming. With some improvements, this idea can be used on a larger scale and even connected to smartphones or solar panels in the future. In short, the smart irrigation system makes farming a little smarter, helping both the environment and the people who grow our food

Keywords: Relay Module, Voltage Regulator IC 7805, Soil Moisture Sensor, DC motor, Water Pump.

How to cite this article:
Prof. V. B. Utpat, Diganta S. Gavhane, Pranjali D. Bedre, Sanika H. Chaudhari. Design and Implementation of a Smart Irrigation System for Efficient Water Management in Agriculture. Journal of Computer Technology & Applications. 2025; 16(03):-.
How to cite this URL:
Prof. V. B. Utpat, Diganta S. Gavhane, Pranjali D. Bedre, Sanika H. Chaudhari. Design and Implementation of a Smart Irrigation System for Efficient Water Management in Agriculture. Journal of Computer Technology & Applications. 2025; 16(03):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jocta/article=2025/view=216441


References

  1. Godase, M. V., Mulani, A., Ghodak, M. R., Birajadar, M. G., Takale, M. S., & Kolte, M. A MapReduce and Kalman Filter based Secure IIoT Environment in Hadoop. Sanshodhak, Volume 19, June 2024.
  2. Gadade, B., Mulani, A. O., & Harale, A. D. IoT Based Smart School Bus and Student Tracking System. Sanshodhak, Volume 19, June 2024.
  3. Dhanawadel, A., Mulani, A. O., & Pise, A. C. IOT based Smart farming using Agri BOT. Sanshodhak, Volume 20, June 2024.
  4. Mulani, A., & Mane, P. B. (2016). DWT based robust invisible watermarking. Scholars & Press.
  5. R. G. Ghodke, G. B. Birajdar, A.O. Mulani, G.N. Shinde, R.B. Pawar, Design and Development of an Efficient and Cost-Effective surveillance Quadcopter using Arduino, Sanshodhak, Volume 20, June 2024.
  6. R. G. Ghodke, G. B. Birajdar, A.O. Mulani, G.N. Shinde, R.B. Pawar, Design and Development of Wireless Controlled ROBOT using Bluetooth Technology, Sanshodhak, Volume 20, June 2024.
  7. Swami, S. S.,  Mulani, A. O. (2017, August). An efficient FPGA implementation of discrete wavelet transform for image compression. In 2017 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS) (pp. 3385-3389). IEEE.
  8. Mane, P. B., & Mulani, A. O. (2018). High speed area efficient FPGA implementation of AES algorithm. International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems, 7(3), 157-165.
  9. Mulani, A. O., & Mane, P. B. (2016). Area efficient high speed FPGA based invisible watermarking for image authentication. Indian journal of Science and Technology, 9(39), 1-6.
  10. Kashid, M. M., Karande, K. J., & Mulani, A. O. (2022, November). IoT-based environmental parameter monitoring using machine learning approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Cognitive and Intelligent Computing: ICCIC 2021, Volume 1 (pp. 43-51). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  11. Nagane, U. P., & Mulani, A. O. (2021). Moving object detection and tracking using Matlab. Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1), 2456-5660.
  12. Kulkarni, P. R., Mulani, A. O., & Mane, P. B. (2016). Robust invisible watermarking for image authentication. In Emerging Trends in Electrical, Communications and Information Technologies: Proceedings of ICECIT-2015 (pp. 193-200). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
  13. Ghodake, M. R. G., & Mulani, M. A. (2016). Sensor based automatic drip irrigation system. Journal for Research, 2(02).
  14. Mandwale, A. J., & Mulani, A. O. (2015, January). Different Approaches For Implementation of Viterbi decoder on reconfigurable platform. In 2015 International Conference on Pervasive Computing (ICPC) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
  15. Jadhav, M. M., Chavan, G. H., & Mulani, A. O. (2021). Machine learning based autonomous fire combat turret. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(2), 2372-2381.
  16. Shinde, G., & Mulani, A. (2019). A robust digital image watermarking using DWT- PCA. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology, 6(4), 1-7.
  17. Mane, D. P., & Mulani, A. O. (2019). High throughput and area efficient FPGA implementation of AES algorithm. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(4).
  18. Mulani, A. O., & Mane, D. P. (2017). An Efficient implementation of DWT for image compression on reconfigurable platform. International Journal of Control Theory and Applications, 10(15), 1-7.
  19. Deshpande, H. S., Karande, K. J., & Mulani, A. O. (2015, April). Area optimized implementation of AES algorithm on FPGA. In 2015 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing (ICCSP) (pp. 0010-0014). IEEE.
  20. Kulkarni, P., & Mulani, A. O. (2015). Robust invisible digital image watermarking using discrete wavelet transform. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 4(01), 139-141.
  21. Mulani, A. O., Jadhav, M. M., & Seth, M. (2022). Painless Non‐invasive blood glucose concentration level estimation using PCA and machine learning. The CRC Book entitled Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Materials for Energy Applications.
  22. Mulani, A. O., & Shinde, G. N. (2021). An approach for robust digital image watermarking using DWT‐PCA. Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1).
  23. Mulani, A. O., & Mane, P. B. (2014, October). Area optimization of cryptographic algorithm on less dense reconfigurable platform. In 2014 International Conference on Smart Structures and Systems (ICSSS) (pp. 86-89). IEEE.
  24. Jadhav, H. M., Mulani, A., & Jadhav, M. M. (2022). Design and development of chatbot based on reinforcement learning. Machine Learning Algorithms for Signal and Image Processing, 219-229.
  25. Mulani, A. O., & Mane, P. (2018). Secure and area efficient implementation of digital image watermarking on reconfigurable platform. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(2), 56-61.
  26. Kalyankar, P. A., Mulani, A. O., Thigale, S. P., Chavhan, P. G., & Jadhav, M. M. (2022). Scalable face image retrieval using AESC technique. Journal Of Algebraic Statistics, 13(3), 173-176.
  27. Takale, S., & Mulani, A. (2022). DWT-PCA based video watermarking. Journal of Electronics, Computer Networking and Applied Mathematics (JECNAM) ISSN, 2799-1156.
  28. Kamble, A., & Mulani, A. O. (2022). Google assistant based device control. Int. J. of Aquatic Science, 13(1), 550-555.
  29. Kondekar, R. P., & Mulani, A. O. (2017). Raspberry Pi based voice operated Robot. International Journal of Recent Engineering Research and Development, 2(12), 69-76.
  30. Ghodake, R. G., & Mulani, A. O. (2018). Microcontroller based automatic drip irrigation system. In Techno-Societal 2016: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Societal Applications (pp. 109-115). Springer International Publishing.
  31. Mulani, A. O., Birajadar, G., Ivković, N., Salah, B., & Darlis, A. R. (2023). Deep learning based detection of dermatological diseases using convolutional neural networks and decision trees. Traitement du Signal, 40(6), 2819.
  32. Boxey, A., Jadhav, A., Gade, P., Ghanti, P., & Mulani, A. O. (2022). Face Recognition using Raspberry Pi. Journal of Image Processing and Intelligent Remote Sensing (JIPIRS) ISSN, 2815- 0953.
  33. Patale, J. P., Jagadale, A. B., Mulani, A. O., & Pise, A. (2023). A Systematic survey on Estimation of Electrical Vehicle. Journal of Electronics, Computer Networking and Applied Mathematics (JECNAM) ISSN, 2799-1156.
  34. Gadade, B., & Mulani, A. (2022). Automatic System for Car Health Monitoring. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology, 57-62.
  35. Shinde, M. R. S., &Mulani, A. O. (2015). Analysisof Biomedical Image Using Wavelet Transform. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology, 2(7), 1-7.
  36. Mandwale, A., & Mulani, A. O. (2014, December). Implementation of convolutional encoder & different approaches for viterbi decoder. In IEEE International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing Computing and Information technologies.
  37. Mulani, A. O., Jadhav, M. M., & Seth, M. (2022). Painless machine learning approach to estimate blood glucose level with non-invasive devices. In Artificial intelligence, internet of things (IoT) and smart materials for energy applications (pp. 83-100). CRC Press.
  38. Maske, Y., Jagadale, A. B., Mulani, A. O., & Pise, A. C. (2023). Development of BIOBOT system to assist COVID patient and caretakers. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 10(01), 2023.
  39. Utpat, V. B., Karande, D. K., & Mulani, D. A. Grading of Pomegranate Using Quality Analysis‖. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 10.
  40. Takale, S., & Mulani, D. A. (2022). Video Watermarking System. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 10.
  41. Mandwale, A., & Mulani, A. O. (2015, January). Different approaches for implementation of Viterbi decoder. In IEEE international conference on pervasive computing (ICPC).
  42. Maske, Y., Jagadale, M. A., Mulani, A. O., & Pise, A. (2021). Implementation of BIOBOT System for COVID Patient and Caretakers Assistant Using IOT. International Journal of Information Technology and, 30-43.
  43. Mulani, A. O., & Mane, D. P. (2016). Fast and Efficient VLSI Implementation of DWT for Image Compression. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 5, 1397-1402.
  44. Kambale, A. (2023). Home automation using google assistant. UGC care approved journal, 32(1), 1071-1077.
  45. Pathan, A. N., Shejal, S. A., Salgar, S. A., Harale, A. D., & Mulani, A. O. (2022). Hand gesture controlled robotic system. Int. J. of Aquatic Science, 13(1), 487-493.
  46. Korake, D. M., & Mulani, A. O. (2016). Design of Computer/Laptop Independent Data transfer system from one USB flash drive to another using ARM11 processor. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research.
  47. Mandwale, A., & Mulani, A. O. (2016). Implementation of High Speed Viterbi Decoder using FPGA. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, IJERT.
  48. Kolekar, S. D., Walekar, V. B., Patil, P. S., Mulani, A. O., & Harale, A. D. (2022). Password Based Door Lock System. Int. J. of Aquatic Science, 13(1), 494-501.
  49. Shinde, R., & Mulani, A. O. (2015). Analysis of Biomedical Image‖. International Journal on Recent & Innovative trend in technology (IJRITT).
  50. Sawant, R. A., & Mulani, A. O. (2022). Automatic PCB Track Design Machine. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 7(9).
  51. ABHANGRAO, M. R., JADHAV, M. S., GHODKE, M. P., & MULANI, A. (2017). Design And Implementation Of 8-bit Vedic Multiplier. International Journal of Research Publications in Engineering and Technology (ISSN No: 2454-7875).
  52. Gadade, B., Mulani, A. O., & Harale, A. D. (2024). Iot based smart school bus and student monitoring system. Naturalista Campano, 28(1), 730-737.
  53. Mulani, D. A. O. (2024). A Comprehensive Survey on Semi-Automatic Solar-Powered Pesticide Sprayers for Farming. Journal of Energy Engineering and Thermodynamics (JEET) ISSN, 2815- 0945.
  54. Salunkhe, D. S. S., & Mulani, D. A. O. (2024). Solar Mount Design Using High-Density Polyethylene. NATURALISTA CAMPANO, 28(1).
  55. Seth, M. (2022). Painless Machine learning approach to estimate blood glucose level of Non- Invasive device. Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Materials for Energy Applications.
  56. Kolhe, V. A., Pawar, S. Y., Gohery, S., Mulani, A. O., Sundari, M. S., Kiradoo, G., … & Sunil, J. (2024). Computational and experimental analyses of pressure drop in curved tube structural sections of Coriolis mass flow metre for laminar flow region. Ships and Offshore Structures, 19(11), 1974-1983.
  57. Basawaraj Birajadar, G., Osman Mulani, A., Ibrahim Khalaf, O., Farhah, N., G Gawande, P., Kinage, K., & Abdullah Hamad, A. (2024). Epilepsy identification using hybrid CoPrO-DCNN classifier. International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, 16(1), 783-796.
  58. Kedar, M. S., & Mulani, A. (2021). IoT Based Soil, Water and Air Quality Monitoring System for Pomegranate Farming. Journal of Electronics, Computer Networking and Applied Mathematics (JECNAM) ISSN, 2799-1156.
  59. Godse, A. P. A.O. Mulani (2009). Embedded Systems (First Edition).
  60. Pol, R. S., Bhalerao, M. V., & Mulani, A. O. A real time IoT based System Prediction and Monitoring of Landslides. International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Volume 11, Issue 7, 2022.
  61. Mulani, A. O., Sardey, M. P., Kinage, K., Salunkhe, S. S., Fegade, T., & Fegade, P. G. (2025). ML- powered Internet of Medical Things (MLIOMT) structure for heart disease prediction. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 16(1), 38-45.
  62. Aiwale, S., Kolte, M. T., Harpale, V., Bendre, V., Khurge, D., Bhandari, S., … & Mulani, A. O. (2024). Non-invasive Anemia Detection and Prediagnosis. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 15(4), 408-416.
  63. Mulani, A. O., Bang, A. V., Birajadar, G. B., Deshmukh, A. B., Jadhav, H. M., & Liyakat, K. K. S. (2024). IoT Based Air, Water, and Soil Monitoring System for Pomegranate Farming. Annals of Agri-Bio Research, 29(2), 71-86.
  64. Kulkarni, T. M., & Mulani, A. O. (2024). Face Mask Detection on Real Time Images and Videos using Deep Learning. International Journal of Electrical Machine Analysis and Design (IJEMAD), 2(1).
  65. Thigale, S. P., Jadhav, H. M., Mulani, A. O., Birajadar, G. B., Nagrale, M., & Sardey, M. P. (2024). Internet of things and robotics in transforming healthcare services. Afr J Biol Sci (S Afr), 6(6), 1567-1575.
  66. Pol, D. R. S. (2021). Cloud Based Memory Efficient Biometric Attendance System Using Face Recognition. Stochastic Modeling & Applications, 25(2).
  67. Nagtilak, M. A. G., Ulegaddi, M. S. N., Adat, M. A. S., & Mulani, A. O. (2021). Breast Cancer Prediction using Machine Learning.
  68. Rahul, G. G., & Mulani, A. O. (2016). Microcontroller Based Drip Irrigation System.
  69. Kulkarni, T. M., & Mulani, A. O. Deep Learning Based Face-Mask Detection: An Approach to Reduce Pandemic Spreads in Human Healthcare. African Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(6), 2024.
  70. Mulani, A., & Mane, P. B. (2016). DWT based robust invisible watermarking. Scholars Press.
  71. Dr. Vaishali Satish Jadhav, Dr. Shweta Sadanand Salunkhe, Dr. Geeta Salunkhe, Pranali Rajesh Yawle, Dr. Rahul S. Pol, Dr. Altaf Osman Mulani, Dr. Manish Rana, Iot Based Health Monitoring System for Human, Afr. J. Biomed. Res. Vol. 27 (September 2024).
  72. Dr. Vaishali Satish Jadhav, Geeta D. Salunke, Kalyani Ramesh Chaudhari, Dr. Altaf Osman Mulani, Dr. Sampada Padmakar Thigale, Dr. Rahul S. Pol, Dr. Manish Rana, Deep Learning-Based Face Mask Recognition in Real-Time Photos and Videos, Afr. J. Biomed. Res. Vol. 27 (September 2024).
  73. Altaf Osman Mulani, Electric Vehicle Parameters Estimation Using Web Portal, Recent Trends in Electronics & Communication Systems, Volume 10, Issue 3, 2023.
  74. Aryan Ganesh Nagtilak, Sneha Nitin Ulegaddi, Mahesh Mane, Altaf O. Mulani, Automatic Solar Powered Pesticide Sprayer for Farming, International Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technology, Volume 9 No. 2, 2023.
  75. Annasaheb S. Dandage, Vitthal R. Rupnar, Tejas A Pise, and A. O. Mulani, Real-Time Language Translation Application Using Tkinter. International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog Signals. 2025; 11(01): -p.
  76. AnnaSaheb S Dandage, Vitthal R. Rupnar, Tejas A Pise, and A. O. Mulani, IoT-Powered Weather Monitoring and Irrigation Automation: Transforming Modern Farming Practices. 2025; 11(01): -p.
  77. Sarda, M., Deshpande, B., Deo, S., & Karanjkar, R. (2018). A comparative study on Maslow’s theory and Indian Ashrama system. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(2), 48-50.
  78. Deo, S., & Deo, S. (2019). Cybersquatting: Threat to domain name. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8(6), 1432-1434.
  79. Deo, S., & Deo, D. S. (2019). Domain name and its protection in India. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering.
  80. Sarda, M., Deshpande, B., Deo, S., & Pathak, M. A. (2018). Intellectual Property And Mechanical Engineering-A Study Emphasizing The Importance Of Knowledge Of Intellectual Property Rights Amongst Mechanical Engineers. International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 3(12), 6591-6596.
  81. Deo, S. S. (2016). Protection of good samaritans: A study in the light of supreme court’s decision in save life foundation case. Int J Law, 6, 12-3.
  82. Sinha, S., Deshpande, B., Deo, S., & Vedpathak, S. (2019). Potential appeal mechanism by consent: Arbitration. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering.
  83. Deo, S. S. (2013). Cyberstalking and online harassment: A new challenge for law enforcement. Bharati Law Review, 2(1), 86-93.
  84. Deo, S. S. (2016). The criminal law (amendment) act 2013: legislative remedies for online harassment and cyberstalking in India.
  85. Sapna Sukrut Deo (2025). Legal Aid in Criminal Justice. Journal of Human Rights Law and Practice, 8(2), 30–36.
  86. Sapna Sukrut Deo. (2025). Challenges in the Implementation of Legal Aid Services. Journal of Constitutional Law and Jurisprudence, 8(2), 33–40.
  87. Sapna Sukrut Deo. (2025). Legal Aid in India: Framework and Policies. Journal of Constitutional Law and Jurisprudence, 8(2), 21–26. Legal Aid in Civil Justice Sapna Sukrut Deo 52. Sapna Sukrut Deo. (2025). Legal Aid for Marginalized Communities. National Journal of Criminal Law, 8(2), 24–31.
  88. Sapna Sukrut Deo. (2025). Legal Aid in Civil Justice, Journal of Law of Torts and Consumer Protection Law, 8(2), 30-37.
  89. Mulani, A.O., Kulkarni, T.M. (2025). Face Mask Detection System Using Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Survey. In: Singh, S., Arya, K.V., Rodriguez, C.R., Mulani, A.O. (eds) Emerging Trends in Artificial Intelligence, Data Science and Signal Processing. AIDSP 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 2439. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 031-88759-8_3
  90. Karve, S., Gangonda, S., Birajadar, G., Godase, V., Ghodake, R., Mulani, A.O. (2025). Optimized Neural Network for Prediction of Neurological Disorders. In: Singh, S., Arya, K.V., Rodriguez, C.R., Mulani, A.O. (eds) Emerging Trends in Artificial Intelligence, Data Science and Signal Processing. AIDSP 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 2440. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031- 88762-8_18
Ahead of Print Subscription Review Article
Volume 16
03
Received 20/06/2025
Accepted 03/07/2025
Published 08/07/2025
Publication Time 18 Days
126


My IP

PlumX Metrics