A Review on Additive Manufacturing Processes


Open Access

Notice

This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2025 | Volume : 13 | 02 | Page : –
    By

    Rohit Pandey,

  • Ashish Kumar Shrivastava,

  • Ravindra Mohan,

  • Manish Billore,

  • Abhishek Choubey,

  • Ashish Yadav,

  1. , uGDX School of Technology, ATLAS SkillTech University, Mumbai, Maharshtra, India
  2. , Department of Mechanical Engineering, SISTec-R, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
  3. , Department of Mechanical Engineering, IES College of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
  4. , Department of Mechanical Engineering, SISTec-E, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
  5. , Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sagar Institute of Science Technology & Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
  6. , Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maharana Pratap College of Engineering, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_abs_177794’);});Edit Abstract & Keyword

Additive manufacturing is a new and rapidly developing method in the business world. “Additive manufacturing process” refers to the process of creating products from layers of material. High speed printing or 3D printing is another name for this process. This manufacturing method uses no tools and can produce highly accurate products in less time. A rigid part can be formed and used in this way.  Stereolithography (STL) files are created by converting computer aided design (CAD) files used in the additive manufacturing process to these files. Drawings created with CAD are approximated with triangles and divided into sections in the process, each section containing information about the different operations to be printed. Relevant production processes and applications are discussed. They can be used to make lighter models that will save money and benefit the airline industry. Jobs in both architecture and medicine changed due to increased production. However, a lot of work and research still needs to be done before the production of additional equipment can take place in production, because not all common equipment can be used successfully. Accuracy must be improved to eliminate the need for processing steps. The continued rapid growth since launch and the positive results to date give us hope that increased production will play an important role in future production.

Keywords: Additive manufacturing (AM), 3D printing, STL, CAD, Polymer, Prototyping.

aWQ6MjAzNTAzfGZpbGVuYW1lOjE0NWQ3OWNkLWZpLXBuZy53ZWJwfHNpemU6dGh1bWJuYWls
How to cite this article:
Rohit Pandey, Ashish Kumar Shrivastava, Ravindra Mohan, Manish Billore, Abhishek Choubey, Ashish Yadav. A Review on Additive Manufacturing Processes. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2025; 13(02):-.
How to cite this URL:
Rohit Pandey, Ashish Kumar Shrivastava, Ravindra Mohan, Manish Billore, Abhishek Choubey, Ashish Yadav. A Review on Additive Manufacturing Processes. Journal of Polymer and Composites. 2025; 13(02):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2025/view=0



Full Text PDF

document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’,function(){frmFrontForm.scrollToID(‘frm_container_ref_177794’);});Edit

References

  1. Rejeski D., Zhao F., Huang Y. Research needs and recommendations on environmental implications of additive manufacturing. Additive Manufacturing 2018; 19: 21–28.

2 Matta A.K., Raju D.R., Suman K.N.S. The Integration of CAD/CAM and Rapid Prototyping in Product Development: A Review. Materials Today 2015; 2(4-5): 3438–3445.

  1. Eyers D.R., Potter A.T. Industrial Additive Manufacturing: A manufacturing systems perspective. Computers in Industry 2017; 92: 208–218.
  2. Serra T., Planell J.A., Navarro M. High-resolution PLA-based composite scaffolds via 3-D printing technology. Journal of Acta Bio materialia 2013; 9: 5521–5530.
  3. Sathish T., Vijayakumar M.D., Ayyangar A.K. Design and Fabrication of Industrial Components Using 3D Printing. Materials Today Proceedings 2018; 5(6): 14489–14498.
  4. Putame G., Terzini M., Carbonaro D., Pisani G., Serino G., Meglio F., Castaldo C., and Massai D. Application of 3D Printing technology for design and manufacturing of customized components for a mechanical stretching bioreactor. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2019. https://doi. org/10.1155/2019/3957931
  5. Vaezi M., Seitz H., Yang S. A review on 3D micro additive manufacturing technologies. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2013; 67(5): 1721–1754.
  6. Lee D., Kim H., Sim J., Lee D., Cho H., Hong D. Trends in 3D Printing Technology for Construction Automation Using Text Mining. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 2019; 20:871–882. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12541-019-00117-w 59 Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 2023, 17(3), 40–63

9.. Macdonald E., Salas R., Espalin D., Perez M., Aguilera E., Muse D., and Wicker R. 3d Printing for the Rapid Prototyping of Structural Electronics. IEEE Xplore 2014; 2.

  1. Mwema, F.M., Akinlabi, E.T. (2020). Basics of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). In: Fused Deposition Modeling. Springer Briefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer.
  2. Sheoran A. and Kumar H. Fused Deposition modelling process parameters optimization and effect on mechanical properties and part quality: Review and reflection on present research. Journal of Materials Today: Proceedings 2020; 21 (3): 1659–1672.
  3. Tao Y., Yin Q., and Li P. An Additive Manufacturing Method Using Large-Scale Wood Inspired by Laminated Object Manufacturing and Plywood Technology. Polymers 2021; 13: 144. https://doi. org/10.3390/polym13010144
  4. Bose S., Vahabzadeh S., and Bandyopadhyay A. Bone tissue engineering using 3D printing. Materials Today 2013; 16 (12): 1369–7021/06.
  5. Mohamed O.A., Masood S.H., Bhowmik J.L. Optimization of fused deposition modeling process parameters: a review of current research and future prospects. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing 2015; 3: 42–53.
  6. Ngo T., Kashani A., Imbalzano G., Nguyen K., Hui D. Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications, and challenge. Journal of Composites Part B 2018; 143: 172–196.
  7. Dey A., Yodo N. A systematic survey of FDM process parameter optimization and their influence on part characteristics. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 2019; 3: 64.
  8. Hallmann M., Schleich B., Wartzack S. A method for analyzing the influence of process and design parameters on the build time of additively manufactured components. Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 2019; 1(1): 649–658.
  9. Raju M., Gupta M.K., Bhanot N., Sharma V.S. A hybrid PSO–BFO evolutionary algorithm for optimization of fused deposition modelling process parameters. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 2018: 1–16.
  10. Deng X., Zeng Z., Peng B., Yan S., Ke W. Mechanical properties optimization of poly-ether-etherketone via fused deposition modelling. Journal of Materials 2018; 11: 216.
  11. Huang, J.; Qin, Q.; Wang, J. A Review of Stereolithography: Processes and Systems. Processes2020, 8, 1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8091138.
  12. Srivastava M., Rathee S, Maheshwari S., Kundra T. Multi-objective optimization of fused deposition modelling process parameters using RSM and fuzzy logic for build time and support material. International Journal of Rapid Manufacturing 2018; 7: 25–42.
  13. Zaldivar R., Witkin D., McLouth T., Patel D., Schmitt K., Nokes J. Influence of processing and orientation print effects on the mechanical and thermal behaviour of 3D-Printed ULTEM9085 Material. Additive Manufacturing 2017; 13: 71–80.
  14. Chohan J.S., Singh R., Boparai K.S., Penna R., Fraternali F. Dimensional accuracy analysis of coupled fused deposition modeling and vapour smoothing operations for biomedical applications. Journal of Composites B Eng 2017; 117: 138–49.
  15. Wang X., Jiang M., Zhou Z., Gou J., Hui D. 3D printing of polymer matrix composites: A review and prospective. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2017; 110: 442–58.
  16. Hull C.W. Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography. US Patent 4: 575; 330, 2014.
  1. Prinz F.B., Atwood C.L., Aubin R.F. JTEC/WTEC panel report on rapid prototyping in Europe and Japan. Rapid Prototyping Association of the society of Manufacturing Engineers (Loyala College in Maryland). 1997; 1.
  2. Dizon J., Espera Jr.A., Chen Q., Advincula R. Mechanical characterization of 3D-printed polymers. Journal of Additive Manufacturing 2018; 20: 44–67.
  3. Yang Y., Li L., Zhao J. Mechanical property modeling of photosensitive liquid resin in stereolithography additive manufacturing: bridging degree of cure with tensile strength and hardness. Journal of Materials and Design 2019; 162: 418–428.
  4. Yuki Suzuki Y., Tahara H., Michihata M., Takamasu K., Takahashi S. Evanescent Light Exposing System under Nitrogen Purge for Nano-Stereolithography. Procedia CIRP 2016; 42: 77–80. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.02.192.
  5. Heller C., Schwentenwein M., Russmueller G., Varga F., Stampfl J., Liska R. Vinyl esters: low cytotoxicity monomers for the fabrication of biocompatible 3d scaffolds by lithography based additive manufacturing. Journal of Polymer Science (Part A: Polymer Chemistry) 2009; 47 (4): 6941–6945.
  6. Lim K.S., Castilho M.D., Malda J., Levato R., Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 2023, 17(3), 40–63 60
  7. Alcala-Orozco C.R., Melchels F.P.W., Gawlitta D., Hooper G.J., Woodfield T.B.F., Dorenmalen K., Costa P.F. Bio-resin for high-resolution lithography-based biofabrication of complex cell-laden constructs. Journal` of Bio fabrication 2018; 10(3): 034101.
  8. Gowda R., Udayagiri C., and Narendra D. Studies on the Process Parameters of Rapid Prototyping Technique (Stereolithography) for the Betterment of Part Quality. International Journal of Manufacturing Engineering 2014. https://doi. org/10.1155/2014/804705.
  9. Gueche, Y.A.; Sanchez-Ballester, N.M.; Cailleaux, S.; Bataille, B.; Soulairol, I. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), a New Chapter in the Production of Solid Oral Forms (SOFs) by 3D Printing. Pharmaceutics2021, 13, 1212.
  10. J. Flowers and M. Moniz, “Rapid prototyping in technology education,” Technology Teacher, vol. 62, no. 3, p. 7, 2002.

36.. C. K. Chua, S. M. Chou, S. C. Lin, K. H. Eu, and K. F. Lew, “Rapid prototyping assisted surgery planning,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 624–630, 1998.

  1. T. Wohlers, “Additive Manufacturing Advances,” Manufacturing Engineering, vol. 148, no. 4, pp. 55–56, 2012.
  2. P. P. Kruth, “Material incress manufacturing by rapid prototyping techniques,” CIRP Annals—Manufacturing Technology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 603–614, 1991.
  3. T. Wohlers, Wohlers Report 2009, Wholers Associates, 2009. [13] J. W. Halloran, V. Tomeckova, S. Gentry et al., “Photopolymerization of powder suspensions for shaping ceramics,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. 31, no. 14, pp. 2613–2619, 2011.
  4. D. T. Pham and C. Ji, “Design for stereolithography,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 214, no. 5, pp. 635–640, 2000.
  5. A. D. Taylor, E. Y. Kim, V. P. Humes, J. Kizuka, and L. T. Thompson, “Inkjet printing of carbon supported platinum 3- D catalyst layers for use in fuel cells,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 171, no. 1, pp. 101–106, 2007.
  6. G. D. Kim and Y. T. Oh, “A benchmark study on rapid prototyping processes and machines: quantitative comparisons of mechanical properties, accuracy, roughness, speed, and material cost,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 222, no. 2, pp. 201–215, 2008.
  7. J. P. Kruth, X. Wang, T. Laoui, and L. Froyen, “Lasers and materials in selective laser sintering,” Assembly Automation, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 357–371, 2003.
  8. L. Facchini, E. Magalini, P. Robotti, and A. Molinari, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V produced by electron beam melting of pre-alloyed powders,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 171–178, 2009.
  9. R. Shivpuri, X. Cheng, K. Agarwal, and S. Babu, “Evaluation of 3D printing for dies in low volume forging of 7075 aluminum helicopter parts,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 272–277, 2005.
  10. Y. Xiong, Investigation of the laser engineered net shaping process for nanostructured cermets [ProQuest Dissertations], University of California, 2009.
  11. H. Kim, C. Jae-Won, and R. Wicker, “Scheduling and process planning for multiple material stereolithography,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 232–240, 2010.
  12. M. Szilvœi-Nagy and G. Maty ´ asi, “Analysis of STL files,” ´ Mathematical and Computer Modelling, vol. 38, no. 7–9, pp. 945–960, 2003.
  1. C. Iancu, D. Iancu, and A. Stamcioiu, “From Cad model to 3D print via” STL” file format,” http://www.utgjiu.ro/rev mec/mecanica/pdf/2010-01/13 Catalin%20Iancu.pdf.

[48]. S. Morvan, R. Hochsmann, and M. Sakamoto, “ProMetal RCT(TM) process for fabrication of complex sand molds and sand cores,” Rapid Prototyping, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1–7, 2005.

  1. SweetOnionsCreations, “Architecture model and 3D printing—sweet onion creations,” 2007, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=rEzugxybKmA.
  2. M. Phair, “Rapid prototyping: the next wave in architectural modeling,” Building Design & Construction, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 15–16, 2004.
  3. I. Gibson, T. Kvan, and W. Ling, “Rapid prototyping for architectural models,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 91–99, 2002.
  4. J. Giannatsis, V. Dedoussis, and D. Karalekas, “Architectural scale modelling using stereolithography,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 200–207, 2002.
  5. F. Rengier, A. Mehndiratta, H. von Tengg-Kobligk et al., “3D printing based on imaging data: review of medical applications,” International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 335–341, 2010.
  6. W. J. James, M. A. Slabbekoorn, W. A. Edgin, and C. K. Hardin, “Correction of congenital malar hypoplasia using stereolithography for presurgical planning,” Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 512–517, 1998.
  7. G. Fielding, A. Bandyopadhyay, and B. Susmita, “Effects of silica and zinc oxide doping on mechanical and biological properties of 3D printed tricalcium phosphate tissue engineering scaffolds,” Dental Materials, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 113–122, 2012.
  8. J. Suwanprateeb, R. Sanngam, W. Suvannapruk, and T. Panyathanmaporn, “Mechanical and in vitro performance of apatite-wollastonite glass ceramic reinforced hydroxyapatite composite fabricated by 3D-printing,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1281–1289, 2009.
Ahead of Print Open Access Review Article
Volume 13
02
Received 12/11/2024
Accepted 10/12/2024
Published 12/03/2025
Publication Time 120 Days
163

async function fetchCitationCount(doi) {
let apiUrl = `https://api.crossref.org/works/${doi}`;
try {
let response = await fetch(apiUrl);
let data = await response.json();
let citationCount = data.message[“is-referenced-by-count”];
document.getElementById(“citation-count”).innerText = `Citations: ${citationCount}`;
} catch (error) {
console.error(“Error fetching citation count:”, error);
document.getElementById(“citation-count”).innerText = “Citations: Data unavailable”;
}
}
fetchCitationCount(“10.37591/JOPC.v13i02.0”);

Loading citations…