Open Access
Shafi Kamal Rahman
Binu Sharma
Asuri Sridharan
- Research Scholar Department of Civil Engineering, Assam Engineering College Assam India
Abstract
The free swelling behaviour of bentonite sand mixtures have been studied using different percentage of ethanol-water and methanol-water solutions. Free swell index tests were conducted at different proportion of ethanol and methanol with distilled water (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%). Free swell index (FSI), modified free swell index (MFSI) and free swell ratio (FSR) were determined from the results obtained from the tests. FSI, MFSI and FSR decrease with the increase of ethanol as well as methanol percentage. Good linear correlation has been observed between the dielectric constants of the pore fluids and FSI and MFSI of the bentonite sand mixtures. The study focuses on the significant influence of dielectric constants of different percentage of ethanol and methanol water solution on the free swell of bentonite-sand mixtures.
Keywords: Free swell index; modified free swell index; dielectric constant; bentonite; ethanol, methanol
[This article belongs to International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering(ijgge)]
Browse Figures
References
1. Mesri G, Olson RE. Consolidation characteristics of montmorillonite. Géotechnique. 1971;21(4):341–52. doi: 10.1680/geot.1971.21.4.341.
2. Kinsky J, Frydman S, Zaslavsky D. The effect of different dielectric liquids on the engineering properties of clay, Fourth Asian Reg Conference Proceeding; 1971. P. 367–72.
3. Sridharan A, Rao SM. A scientific basis for the use of index tests in identification of expansive soils. Geotech Test J. 1988;3(208)±212, 11. doi: 10.1520/GTJ10008J.
4. Mollins LH, Stewart DI, Cousens TW. Predicting the properties of bentonite-sand mixtures. Clay Miner. 1996;31(2):243–52. doi: 10.1180/claymin.1996.031.2.10.
5. Spagnoli G, Stanjek H, Sridharan A. Influence of ethanol/water mixture on the undrained shear strength of pure clays. Bull Eng Geol Environ. Feb 2011;71(v):1.
6. Sridharan A, Prakash K, Prakash K, Sridharan A. Free swell ratio and clay mineralogy of fine grained soils. Geotech Test J. 2004, 13(4);27(2):375–80. doi: 10.1520/GTJ10860.
7. Mishra AK, Dutta J, Chingtham R. A study on the behaviour of the compacted bentonite in presence of salt solutions. Int J Geotech Eng. 2015;9(4):354–62. doi: 10.1179/1939787914Y.0000000074.
8. IS:2720 (Part XL)-1977 Methods of test for soils: Part 40 Determination of free swell index of soils. New Delhi: BSI; 1977.
9. Sridharan A, Rao MS, Joshi S. Classification of expansive soils by sediment volume method. Geotech Test J ASTM;27(2). doi: 10.1520/GTJ10181J.
10. Sridharan A, Prakash K. Classification procedures for expansive soils. Proceedings of the Instn. Civ. Engrs. Geotech Eng. 2000;143(4):235–40. doi: 10.1680/geng.2000.143.4.235.
11. Sridharan A. Engineering behaviour of fine grained soils-A fundamental approach, thirteenth IGS Annual Lecture delivered on 32nd Annual General Session; 1994.
12. Sridharan A, Prakash K. Influence of clay mineralogy and pore medium chemistry on clay sediment formation. Can Geotech J. 1999;36(5):961–6. doi: 10.1139/t99–045.
13. Mitchell JK, Soga K. Fundamentals of soil behaviour. Wiely, 2005. Hoboken, NJ.
14. Prakash K, Sridharan A, Prasanna HS, Manjunatha K. Identification of soil clay mineralogy by free swell ratio method Indian Geotech Conference 2009, Guntur, India.
15. Lyklema J. Fundamentals of interface and colloid science, solid–liquid interfaces. Vol. II. San Diego: Academic Press; 1995.
International Journal of Geological and Geotechnical Engineering
| Volume | 7 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Received | March 3, 2021 |
| Accepted | March 20, 2021 |
| Published | March 20, 2023 |