Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Approaches for Corrosion Prediction and Management of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete: A Systematic Review

Notice

This is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.

Year : 2026 | Volume : 13 | 03 | Page :
By

Altaf Ahmad,

Shaikh Sanobar,

  1. Professor, Department of Engineering Chemistry, Al-Kabir Polytechnic, Jamshedpur, India
  2. Professor, Department of Engineering Chemistry, Al-Kabir Polytechnic, Jamshedpur, India

Abstract

Load bearing concrete structures need steel reinforcement bar (rebar), which are prone to attack by the corrosive environment inside the concrete due to constant ingress of moisture, pollutant gases and anions (mainly Cl−, SO42−). In recent models for the potential life span, the causes of failure of concrete structures have been established principally due to the chloride (Cl−) ion, because of the ease in transportation of Cl− in concrete and its damaging effect. Corrosion of reinforced steel in particular remains a significant challenge, causing great economic losses and safety concerns. However, these methods can be time- consuming, labour intensive and are sometime based on personal judgment, which can lead to inconsistencies. Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a powerful tool for improving corrosion prediction models. It helps in managing data more effectively, detecting corrosion early, forecasting its progress and developing better mitigation strategies. Real-time date on crack development and corrosion rate can be gathered through sensors and imaging technologies. This date is then analysed by machine learning algorithms to spot early warning signs. This proactive approach leads to more accurate results, fewer errors and better decision making.

Keywords: Concrete, Rebar, Corrosion management, Artificial intelligence, Imaging technology

How to cite this article: Altaf Ahmad, Shaikh Sanobar. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Approaches for Corrosion Prediction and Management of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete: A Systematic Review. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances. 2026; 13(03):-.
How to cite this URL: Altaf Ahmad, Shaikh Sanobar. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Approaches for Corrosion Prediction and Management of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete: A Systematic Review. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances. 2026; 13(03):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/joaira/article=2026/view=258539

References

1. Brunauer, Stephen, and Copeland L. E., “The Chemistry of Concrete” Scientific American, 80 – 92, (1964). 2. Bijen J., “Durability of Engineering Structures – Design, Repair and Maintenance”, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, England, (2003). 3. Page C. L., “Mechanisms of Corrosion Protection in Reinforced Concrete Marine Structure” Nature, 1975; 256: 514 – 515. 4. Page C. L. and Treadaway K. W. J., “Aspects of the Electrochemistry of Steel in Concrete” Nature, 1982; 297: 109 – 115. 5. Glass G. K. and Buenfeld N. R., “Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Steel in Concrete”, Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 2000; 2 (4): 448 – 458. 6. Revie R. W. and Uhlig H. H., “Corrosion and Corrosion Control”, 4th ed., John Wiley and Sons Inc, (2008). 7. Rosenberg A. M. and Gaidis J. M., “The Mechanism of Nitrite Inhibition of Chloride Attack on Reinforcing Steel in Alkaline Aqueous Environments”. Mater Performance, 1979; 18(11): 45 – 48. 8. Pourbaix M., “Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions”, Pergamon Press, Oxford, p.553, (1966). 9. Stephen D. Cramer, Bernard S. Covino. ASM Handbook Metals hand book. Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection 9th Ed. Vol. 13, (2003). 10. Tuutti K. The Corrosion of Steel in Concrete, Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute. Stockholm. (1982). 11. Bhaskaran R. et al, “An Analysis of the Updated Cost of Corrosion in India”, Materials Performance, 53 (8): 56 – 65, (2014). 12. Koch, G. H., Brongers, M. P. H., Thompson, N.G., et al “Corrosion Costs and Preventive Strategies in the United States”, Study by CC Technologies, Report. (2001). 13. Economic Effects of Metallic Corrosion in the United States, NBS Special Publication 511 – 1, SD Stock No. SN – 003 – 003 – 01926 – 7, (1978) and Economic Effects of Metallic Corrosion in the United States, Appendix B, NBS Special Publication 511 – 2, SD Stock No. SN – 003 – 003 – 01926 – 5, (1978). 14. Economic Effects on Metallic Corrosion in the United States – Update, Battelle, 1995. 15. Uhlig, H. H., “The Cost of Corrosion in the United States,” Corrosion, 1952: Vol. 6, p.29. 16. Report of the Committee on Corrosion Protection m- A Survey of Corrosion Protection in the United Kingdom, Chairman T. P. Hoar, (1971). 17. Report of the Committee on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection – A Survey of the Cost of Corrosion in Japan, Japan Society of Corrosion Engineering and Japan Association of Corrosion Control, Chairman G. Okamoto, (1977). 18. Cherry B. W., and Skerry B. S., Corrosion in Australia – The Report of the Australian National Centre for Corrosion Prevention and Control Feasibility Study, (1983). 19. Al-Kharafi, F., Al-Hashem, A. and Martrouk, F., “Economic Effects of Metallic Corrosion in the State of Kuwait”, KISR Publications, Final Report No. 4761, (1995). 20. Liu Q, Li N, Yongga A, Duan J, Yan W. “The Evaluation of the Corrosion rates of alloys applied to the heating tower heat pump (hthp) by machine learning”. Energies. 2021;14 (7):1972. 21. Elmas F., Rios M., Lima E., et al, “Prediction of external corrosion rate in oil and gas platforms using ensemble learning”. Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management. 2023;20(3):1952. 22. Odili P. O., Daudu C. D., Adefemi A. et al, “Integrating Advanced Technologies in Corrosion and Inspection Management for Oil and Gas Operations”. Engineering Science and Technology Journal. 2024; 5(2): 597-611. 23. Vera A. S., Khaled H. A., Wael O. B. et al, “Current Downhole Corrosion Control Solutions and Trends in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review”. Materials 2023, 16(5), 1795. 24. Okeke I. C., Agu E. E., Ejike O. G., et al “Developing a regulatory model for product quality assurance in Nigeria’s local industries”. International Journal of Frontline Research in Multidisciplinary Studies. 2022; 1(02):54 – 69. 25. Onukwulu E. C., Dienagha I. N., Digitemie W. N., et al “Blockchain for transparent and secure supply chain management in renewable energy”. Int J Sci Technol Res Arch. 2022; 3(1):251–72. 26. Ossai C. I., “A Data-Driven Machine Learning Approach for Corrosion Risk Assessment – A Comparative Study.” Big Data Cogn. Comput. 2019; 3, 28. 27. Marcelo dos S. P., Jessica F. M., Carlos A. C. et al, “Artificial Intelligence in the Oil and Gas Industry: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions”. Appl. Sci. 2025; 15(14): 7918. 28. Okeke B., Aigbedion E., Ayorinde O. B., et al, “A Conceptual Model for Optimizing Asset Lifecycle Management Using Digital Twin Technology for Predictive Maintenance and Performance Enhancement in Oil & Gas”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management. 2023; 2(1):32 – 41. 29. Ogu E., Egbumokei P. I., Dienagha I. N., “Economic and environmental impact assessment of seismic innovations: A conceptual model for sustainable offshore energy development in Nigeria”. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation. 2023; 4(1):710-723. 30. Ma, Z., Li, Z., Li, J., et al, “Enhance low level temperature and moisture profiles through combining NUCAPS, ABI observations, and RTMA analysis”. Earth and Space Science, 2021; 8(6): 1-23. 31. Lin Y., Tanf Y., Zhu Y., et al, “Correction: Lin et al. A Perception Study for Unit Charts in the Context of Large-Magnitude Data Representation”. Symmetry, 2023; 15(1): 219. 32. Chikelu P., Nwigbo S., Azaka O., et al, “Modeling and simulation study for failure prevention of shredder rotor bearing system used for synthetic elastic material applications”. J Fail Anal Prev. 2022; 22(4): 1566–77. 33. Otokiti B. O., Igwe A. N., Ewim C. P., et al, “A framework for developing resilient business models for Nigerian SMEs in response to economic disruptions”. Int J Multidiscip Res Growth Eval. 2022; 3(1): 647–59. 34. Olayemi O., Muyiwa F., Uchenna N. et al, “A Review of Corrosion Threat in Marine Industry”. Key Engineering Materials. 2025; 1012: 67-78. 35. Betts A. J. and Boulton L. H., “Crevice corrosion: review of mechanisms, modelling, and mitigation”. British Corrosion Journal. 1993; 28(4): 179-296. 36. Oladosu S. A., Ike C. C., Adepoju P. A., et al, “Advancing cloud networking security models: Conceptualizing a unified framework for hybrid cloud and on-premises integrations”. Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews. 2021; 3(1): 79-90. 37. Adebisi B., Aigbedion E., Ayorinde O. B., et al, “A Conceptual Model for Optimizing Asset Lifecycle Management Using Digital Twin Technology for Predictive Maintenance and Performance Enhancement in Oil & Gas”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management. 2023; 2(1):32-41. 38. Adeleke A. K., Igunma T. O. and Nwokediegwu Z. S., “Developing nanoindentation and non-contact optical metrology techniques for precise material characterization in manufacturing”. 2022; 3(1): 720-734. 39. Adebisi B., Aigbedion E., Ayorinde O. B., et al. “A Conceptual Model for Predictive Asset Integrity Management Using Data Analytics to Enhance Maintenance and Reliability in Oil & Gas Operations”. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation. 2021; 2 (1):534-54. 40. Adepoju P. A., Adeola S., Ige B., et al, “Reimagining multicloud interoperability: A conceptual framework for seamless integration and security across cloud platforms”. Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology. 2022; 4(1): 71-82. 41. Oteri O. J., Onukwulu E. C., Igwe A. N., et al, “Cost optimization in logistics product management: Strategies for operational efficiency and profitability”. 2023; 4(1): 852- 860. 42. Adepoju P. A., Adeola S., Ige B., et al, “AI-driven security for next-generation data centers: Conceptualizing autonomous threat detection and response in cloud connected environments”. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews. 2023; 15(2): 162-172. 43. Onyeke F. O., Odujobi O., Adikwu F. E., et al, “Functional safety innovations in BMS and VFDs: A proactive approach to risk mitigation in refinery operations”. Int J Sci Res Arch. 2023; 10(2): 1223–30. 44. Olisakwe C. H., Ikpambese K. K. and Tuleun L. T., “Modelling and optimization of corrosion rates of mild steel inhibited with Ficus thonningii bark extract in 1 M HCl solution. Int J Res Trends Innov. 2022; 7(10): 630–6. 45. Olisakwe H., Ikpambese K. K., Ipilakyaa T. D. et al, “Effect of ternarization on corrosion inhibitive properties of extracts of Strangler fig bark, Neem leaves and Bitter leave on mild steel in acidic medium. Int J Res Trends Innov. 2023; 8(7): 121–30. 46. Onyeke F. O., Odujobi O., Adikwu F. E. et al, “Innovative approaches to enhancing functional safety in DCS and SIS for oil and gas applications. Open Access Res J Multidiscip Stud. 2022; 3(1): 106–12. 47. Ogunyankinnu T., Onotole E. F., Osunkanmibi A. A. et al, “Blockchain and AI synergies for effective supply chain management”. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 2022; 3(4): 569-580. 48. Olisakwe H. C., Bam S. A., Aigbodion V. S., “Impact of processing parameters on the superhydrophobic and selfcleaning properties of CaO nanoparticles derived from oyster shell for electrical sheathing insulator applications”. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2023; 128(9): 4303-10. 49. Elete T. Y., Nwulu E. O., Omomo K. O. et al, “Data Analytics as a Catalyst for Operational Optimization: A Comprehensive Review of Techniques in the Oil and Gas Sector. International Journal of Frontline Research in Multidisciplinary Studies. 2022; 1(2):32-45. 50. Fredson G., Adebisi B., Ayorinde O. B. et al, “Strategic Risk Management in High-Value Contracting for the Energy Sector: Industry Best Practices and Approaches for Long- Term Success. International Journal of Management and Organizational Research. 2023; 2(1):16-30. 51. Anitha T. N., Abhilash A., Adarsh C. R. et al, “Deep Learning for Underwater Pipeline Corrosion Detection: A Comparative Analysis of CNN Architectures” International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 2024; 9(5):632-644. 52. Agbede O. O., Akhigbe E. E., Ajayi A. J. et al, “Assessing economic risks and returns of energy transitions with quantitative financial approaches. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation. 2021; 2(1):552-566. 53. Kanu M. O., Dienagha I. N., Digitemie W. N. et al, “Optimizing Oil Production through Agile Project Execution Frameworks in Complex Energy Sector Challenges”. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 2022; 3(1): 769-775 54. Ayo-Farai O., Obianyo C., Ezeamii V. et al, “Distributions of Environmental Air Pollutants Around Dumpsters at Residential Apartment Buildings”. 2023; GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium. 20. 55. Elete T. Y., Nwulu E. O., Erhueh O. V. et al, “Early Startup Methodologies in Gas Plant Commissioning: An Analysis of Effective Strategies and Their Outcomes”. International Journal of Scientific Research Updates. 2023; 5(2) :49-60. 56. Ajayi A. J., Agbede O. O., Akhigbe E. E. et al, “Evaluating the economic effects of energy policies, subsidies, and tariffs on markets. International Journal of Management and Organizational Research. 2023; 2(1): 31-47. 57. Akhigbe E. E., Egbuhuzor N. S., Ajayi A. J. et al, “Techno-Economic Valuation Frameworks for Emerging Hydrogen Energy and Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies. IRE Journals. 2023; 7(6):423-440.


Ahead of Print Subscription Original Research
Volume 13
03
Received 18/04/2026
Accepted 04/08/2026
Published 30/09/2026
Publication Time 165 Days


Login

My IP

PlumX Metrics

Support