Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Polylactic Acid-Based Bio-Adhesive for Industrial Applications

Year : 2026 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 02 | Page : 39 54
    By

    Salisu Nuhu,

  • Haruna Abubakar Danyaya,

  1. Principal Researcher, Department of Polymer Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa State, Nigeria
  2. Co-Researcher, Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the synthesis, characterization, and thermogravimetric analysis of polylactic acid (PLA)-based bio-adhesives for industrial applications. The adhesive was synthesized using an emulsion polymerization method with varying compositions of PLA and vinyl acetate. The physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the synthesized adhesives were assessed through pH analysis, viscosity measurement, peel strength evaluation, tack tests, biodegradability investigations, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The results revealed that increasing PLA concentration improved adhesion strength, viscosity, thermal stability, and water resistance. FTIR analysis confirmed successful polymer formation through the presence of ester functional groups, while DSC and TGA analyses demonstrated enhanced thermal behavior with higher PLA content. The biodegradability study also showed increased degradation with increasing PLA concentration, indicating environmental sustainability. Among the formulations, Sample C exhibited the best overall performance, making it the most suitable candidate for industrial applications such as packaging and labeling. The findings confirm that PLA-based bio-adhesives can serve as environmentally friendly alternatives to petroleum-based adhesives.

Keywords: polylactic acid (PLA) bio-adhesives, emulsion polymerization, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), biodegradable adhesives, industrial packaging applications

[This article belongs to Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering ]

How to cite this article:
Salisu Nuhu, Haruna Abubakar Danyaya. Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Polylactic Acid-Based Bio-Adhesive for Industrial Applications. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2026; 16(02):39-54.
How to cite this URL:
Salisu Nuhu, Haruna Abubakar Danyaya. Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Polylactic Acid-Based Bio-Adhesive for Industrial Applications. Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering. 2026; 16(02):39-54. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jomme/article=2026/view=249227


References

  1. Adams RD, Comyn J, Wake WC. Structural adhesive joints in engineering. Springer Science & Business Media; 1997 Oct 31.
  2. Agbogo UV, Dauda BM, Sunmonu OK, Elobuike AC, Inuwa IM. Influence of renewable polymer/modifier composition and processing on the properties of multifunctional adhesive leather bond from PVAc. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science Studies. 2020;6(3).
  3. Ameduri B. Copolymers of vinylidene fluoride with functional comonomers and applications therefrom: Recent developments, challenges and future trends. Progress in Polymer Science. 2022 Oct 1;133:101591.
  4. Al-Momani IF, Ataman OY, Anwari MA, Tuncel S, Köse C, Tuncel G. Chemical composition of precipitation near an industrial area at Izmir, Turkey. Atmospheric Environment. 1995 May 1;29(10):1131-43.
  5. Belingardi G, Brunella V, Martorana B, Ciardiello R. Thermoplastic adhesive for automotive applications. London, UK: IntechOpen; 2016 Nov 23.
  6. Belis-Bergouignan MC, Oltra V, Saint Jean M. Trajectories towards clean technology: example of volatile organic compound emission reductions. Ecological Economics. 2004 Feb 20;48(2):201-20.
  7. Campbell BA. Natural science collections. InThe Curation and Care of Museum Collections 2019 Mar 11 (pp. 120-144). Routledge.
  8. Deng J, Yuk H, Wu J, Varela CE, Chen X, Roche ET, Guo CF, Zhao X. Electrical bioadhesive interface for bioelectronics. Nature materials. 2021 Feb;20(2):229-36.
  9. Du X, Gao N, Song X. Bioadhesive polymer/lipid hybrid nanoparticles as oral delivery system of raloxifene with enhancive intestinal retention and bioavailability. Drug Delivery. 2021 Jan 1;28(1):252-60.
  10. Ebnesajjad S. Characteristics of adhesive materials. InHandbook of adhesives and surface preparation 2011 Jan 1 (pp. 137-183). William Andrew Publishing.
  11. Garrett HE. Surface active chemicals. Elsevier; 2013 Oct 22.
  12. He XY, Sun A, Li T, Qian YJ, Qian H, Ling YF, Zhang LH, Liu QY, Peng T, Qian Z. Mussel-inspired antimicrobial gelatin/chitosan tissue adhesive rapidly activated in situ by H2O2/ascorbic acid for infected wound closure. Carbohydrate polymers. 2020 Nov 1;247:116692.
  13. Ishaque N, Naseer N, Abbas MA, Javed F, Mushtaq S, Ahmad NM, Khan MF, Ahmed N, Elaissari A. Optimize PLA/EVA polymers blend compositional coating for next generation biodegradable drug-eluting stents. Polymers. 2022 Aug 29;14(17):3547.
  14. Jiménez L, Mena MJ, Prendiz J, Salas L, Vega-Baudrit J. Polylactic acid (PLA) as a bioplastic and its possible applications in the food industry. J Food Sci Nutr. 2019;5(2):2-6.
  15. Krasiński A, Wierzba P, Grudzień A, Hajmowicz H, Zawada K, Synoradzki L. Pervaporation applied for dewatering of reaction mixture during esterification. Chemical and Process Engineering. 2016:121-31.
  16. Kollmann FF, Kuenzi EW, Stamm AJ. Principles of wood science and technology: II wood based materials. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012 Dec 6.
  17. Muhamad II, Selvakumaran S, Salehudin MH, Razak SI. Eco‐Friendly Polymer‐Based Nanocomposites for Pharmaceutical Applications. Handbook of Polymers for Pharmaceutical Technologies: Bioactive and Compatible Synthetic/Hybrid Polymers. 2015 Nov 2;4:341-71.
  18. Márquez Fibla I, Alarcia Hernanz F, Velasco Perero JI. Synthesis and Properties ofWater-Based Acrylic Adhesives with a Variable Ratio of 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate and n-Butyl Acrylate for Application in Glass Bottle Labels. Polymers. 2020 Feb 12;12(2):428-1.
  19. Pocius AV. Adhesives. InPhysical properties of polymers handbook 2007 (pp. 479-486). New York, NY: Springer New York.
  20. Da Silva LF, Öchsner A, Adams RD. Introduction to adhesive bonding technology. Handbook of adhesion technology. 2011.
  21. Eisen A, Bussa M, Röder H. A review of environmental assessments of biobased against petrochemical adhesives. Journal of cleaner production. 2020 Dec 20;277:124277.
  22. Davis D, Alam MS, Purushothaman Bindu B, Lakshmi D, N Muhammed H, Torris A, Ambade AV, Sukumaran Nair K. Design, synthesis, and adhesive performance evaluation of DOPA-Functionalized polyurethane elastomers. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A. 2026 Apr 10:1-1.
  23. Swetham T, Reddy KM, Huggi A, Kumar MN. A Critical Review on of 3D Printing Materials and Details of Materials used in FDM. Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2017;3(2):353-61.
  24. Suwanmanee U, Varabuntoonvit V, Chaiwutthinan P, Tajan M, Mungcharoen T, Leejarkpai T. Life cycle assessment of single use thermoform boxes made from polystyrene (PS), polylactic acid,(PLA), and PLA/starch: cradle to consumer gate. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2013 Feb;18(2):401-17.
  25. Xie D, Guo J, Mehdizadeh MR, Tran RT, Chen R, Sun D, Qian G, Jin D, Bai X, Yang J. Development of injectable citrate-based bioadhesive bone implants. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2015;3(3):387-98.
  26. Xu J, Shi W. Progress in radiation curing marketing and technology. Journal of coatings Technology. 2002 May;74(928):67-72.
Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 16
Issue 02
Received 22/05/2026
Accepted 29/05/2026
Published 22/06/2026
Publication Time 31 Days
3

Login


My IP

PlumX Metrics