A Review of Modifications of Cement Slurry Formulations for Carbon Dioxide Storage

Year : 2026 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 02 | Page : 1 21
    By

    Yetunde Aladeitan,

  • Okhiria D. Udebhulu,

  1. Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja Airport Road, P.M.B. 117, Abuja-FCT, Nigeria
  2. Lecturer, Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Baze University, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria

Abstract

Climate action, which includes activities aimed at mitigating climate change or reducing its adverse impacts, is the thirteenth goal of the 2030 SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). Tthe successful commercial deployment of CCS technology would heavily rely on the integrity of the cement sheath used to complete the wellbores at the CO₂ storage sites. It has been established that the cement sheath made from conventional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is not thermodynamically compatible with CO₂ at the storage sites. This is because the Ca(OH)2 phase in the cement sheath when in contact with CO₂ (which converts to carbonic acid upon contact with the formation aquifer), reacts to form calcium bicarbonate. Several factors have been identified that influence the rate of bicarbonation (degradation) of OPC cement sheath in CO₂ storage sites. Numerous advancements in cement slurry design or formulations have been proposed by various researchers to modify the cement slurry and resultant cement sheath to address the cementing requirements of challenging terrains and applications, such as cementing deep high-pressure-high-temperature wellbores, wellbore abandonment, and cementing wellbores in CO₂ storage sites. This study identified several novel pozzolanic material additives suggested by different researchers to enhance the resistance of OPC cement slurry formulations. These additives include slag cement (CEM III) mixed with fly ash filler, ACA (a mixture of non-crystalline SiO₂, latex, and super fine pitch), kaolin clay-based cementing material (untreated kaolin clay, silica sand, and NaOH solution), novel fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composite, amorphous Nanosilica latex, Nanoclay particles, olive waste, synthetic polypropylene fiber, NanoGlass Flakes, laponite, and graphite. Interestingly, all of these pozzolanic additives mentioned above possess similar characteristics. By raising the stable C-S-H (calcium silicate hydrates) content, decreasing the unstable portlandite content, and improving the compressive strength and permeability of the resulting cement sheath, all of their cement slurry formulations increase its resistance to CO₂ attack.These positive attributes work together synergistically to enhance the resultant cement sheath’s resistance to carbonic acid attack and improve its confinement abilities.

Keywords: Carbon capture and storage (CCS), Cement sheath degradation, Cement sheath failure mechanism, Modification of cementing techniques, Cement slurry formulation, Pozzolanic cementing additives

[This article belongs to Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering ]

How to cite this article:
Yetunde Aladeitan, Okhiria D. Udebhulu. A Review of Modifications of Cement Slurry Formulations for Carbon Dioxide Storage. Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering. 2026; 13(02):1-21.
How to cite this URL:
Yetunde Aladeitan, Okhiria D. Udebhulu. A Review of Modifications of Cement Slurry Formulations for Carbon Dioxide Storage. Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering. 2026; 13(02):1-21. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/etce/article=2026/view=248968


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Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 13
Issue 02
Received 12/05/2026
Accepted 22/05/2026
Published 15/06/2026
Publication Time 34 Days
10

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