Review on Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques for Bulk Materials: Deformation Behavior and Properties

Year : 2026 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 01 | Page : 40 72
    By

    Nagendra Singh,

  • Gopal Sharma,

  1. Assistant Professor, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra, India
  2. Associate Professor, Eshan College of Engineering, Mathura, India

Abstract

This paper presents a detailed review of the efficient application of Severe Plastic Deformation for the fabrication of ultra-fine-grained and nanostructured crystalline bulk materials. Severe Plastic Deformation allows substantial grain refinement while largely preserving the original dimensions of the workpiece, making it especially suitable for ductile materials capable of sustaining very high strains under elevated hydrostatic pressure prior to failure. The study investigates the grain refinement mechanisms involved in Severe Plastic Deformation and their effects on metal microstructures, along with its use in difficult-to-deform brittle materials such as tungsten oxide, B₂O₃ glasses, and amorphous substances. It also outlines the advantages and limitations of various Severe Plastic Deformation techniques, their practical applications, and possible hybrid approaches. This review emphasizes recent advances in process development that may support the industrial adoption of certain Severe Plastic Deformation techniques. By filling this gap in the existing literature, the review demonstrates the potential of Severe Plastic Deformation in metal processing and in the creation of new ultra-fine-grained materials with improved mechanical properties. Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is a potential technique for producing an ultra-fine-grained microstructure and improving material properties. Several parameters—such as the processing route, die angle, number of passes, and operating temperature—play a crucial role in determining the mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of materials subjected to the ECAP process. Considerable attention has been given to the evolution of magnesium alloy microstructures and their mechanical properties after processing by the ECAP method. It has been observed that a finer microstructure with enhanced mechanical performance can be achieved by using lower processing temperatures, a higher number of passes, and a smaller die angle.

Keywords: SPD techniques, Metallic bulk samples, SPD characteristics, Industrial SPD approaches

[This article belongs to Trends in Machine design ]

How to cite this article:
Nagendra Singh, Gopal Sharma. Review on Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques for Bulk Materials: Deformation Behavior and Properties. Trends in Machine design. 2026; 13(01):40-72.
How to cite this URL:
Nagendra Singh, Gopal Sharma. Review on Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques for Bulk Materials: Deformation Behavior and Properties. Trends in Machine design. 2026; 13(01):40-72. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/tmd/article=2026/view=242043


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 13
Issue 01
Received 12/02/2026
Accepted 14/02/2026
Published 25/02/2026
Publication Time 13 Days
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