An Overview Mechatronics Systems Design of Modelica-Based Model Predictive Control Strategies for CO₂ Heat Pump Systems

Year : 2026 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 01 | Page : 15 27
    By

    Nagendra Singh,

  • Sanjeev Kumar Verma,

  1. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Swami Vivekanada Campus, Uttar Pradesh, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Central Instrumentation Facility Research and Development Cell, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India

Abstract

The growing adoption of renewable energy technologies poses challenges to energy supply stability, necessitating increased flexibility in energy demand. This paper introduces a Modelica-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy aimed at keeping the supply water temperature within the range of 55°C to 75°C while minimizing energy consumption and electricity expenses throughout a year. A comprehensive, high-fidelity model representing a school building in Oslo, Norway, was developed using Modelica and exported as a Functional Mock-up Unit (FMU) to facilitate smooth integration with MATLAB/Simulink for real-time simulation and control implementation. The findings indicated that the Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy resulted in annual electricity savings of 8.0 MWh (3.2%) and financial savings of 11,479 NOK (6.7%) compared to a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. Additionally, it provided savings of 85.07 MWh (25.9%) and 46,967 NOK (22.8%) in comparison to a fixed rule-based baseline controller. With the increasing adoption of renewable energy technologies, the reliability of energy supply faces challenges, highlighting the need for enhanced flexibility in energy demand management. The results underscore the effectiveness of MPC as a dependable and cost-effective solution for managing thermal energy systems.

Keywords: DHW systems, functional mock-up unit, heat pump system, model predictive control, thermal tank

[This article belongs to Journal of Mechatronics and Automation ]

How to cite this article:
Nagendra Singh, Sanjeev Kumar Verma. An Overview Mechatronics Systems Design of Modelica-Based Model Predictive Control Strategies for CO₂ Heat Pump Systems. Journal of Mechatronics and Automation. 2026; 13(01):15-27.
How to cite this URL:
Nagendra Singh, Sanjeev Kumar Verma. An Overview Mechatronics Systems Design of Modelica-Based Model Predictive Control Strategies for CO₂ Heat Pump Systems. Journal of Mechatronics and Automation. 2026; 13(01):15-27. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/joma/article=2026/view=240376


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Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 13
Issue 01
Received 22/01/2026
Accepted 03/02/2026
Published 13/02/2026
Publication Time 22 Days
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