Biomechanical Impact of Text Neck Syndrome on Cervical Spine and Upper Quarter Musculoskeletal System

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Year : 2026 | Volume : 16 | Issue : 01 | Page :
    By

    Manmeet Kaur Bhalla,

  • Niraj Kumar,

  • Deptee Warikoo,

  1. PhD Scholarq, Department of Physiotherapy, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
  2. Professor and Head of Department, Department of Physiotherapy, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
  3. PhD Scholar, Department of Physiotherapy, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

Text Neck Syndrome (TNS) has emerged as a modern musculoskeletal disorder associated with prolonged use of handheld digital devices, resulting in sustained cervical flexion and altered spinal biomechanics. This article explores the biomechanical consequences of TNS on the cervical spine and upper quarter musculoskeletal system, including muscular imbalance, altered load distribution, ligamentous strain, and degenerative changes. Increased cervical flexion significantly elevates compressive forces on intervertebral discs and facet joints, disrupting normal spinal alignment and leading to functional impairments. Secondary effects extend to the thoracic spine, shoulder girdle, and upper limb musculature, contributing to pain, reduced mobility, and postural dysfunction. The review integrates recent evidence on kinematics, muscle activation patterns, and neurophysiological adaptations associated with prolonged device use. Early identification and biomechanical correction strategies are essential to mitigate long-term complications. This article emphasizes the need for ergonomic awareness, targeted rehabilitation, and preventive interventions to address the growing burden of TNS in the digital era.

Keywords: Text Neck Syndrome, Cervical Spine Biomechanics, Forward Head Posture, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Upper Quarter Dysfunction.

[This article belongs to Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions ]

How to cite this article:
Manmeet Kaur Bhalla, Niraj Kumar, Deptee Warikoo. Biomechanical Impact of Text Neck Syndrome on Cervical Spine and Upper Quarter Musculoskeletal System. Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions. 2026; 16(01):-.
How to cite this URL:
Manmeet Kaur Bhalla, Niraj Kumar, Deptee Warikoo. Biomechanical Impact of Text Neck Syndrome on Cervical Spine and Upper Quarter Musculoskeletal System. Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions. 2026; 16(01):-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjohp/article=2026/view=240300


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 16
Issue 01
Received 09/04/2026
Accepted 16/04/2026
Published 18/04/2026
Publication Time 9 Days
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