Estimating Heavy Ion Concentrations in the Shatt AlKufa Area and Studying Methods for Recycling Wastewater

Year : 2026 | Volume : 13 | Issue : 01 | Page : 17 22
    By

    Noor Saad Jafar,

  1. Assistant Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Girls, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq

Abstract

This study includes practical methods for treating chemical pollution in wastewater. The proper disposal of wastewater is essential for providing a healthy environment for communities, adhering to international standards and utilizing the latest chemical and scientific methods to maintain a surrounding environment free from sewage pollutants. The goal of wastewater treatment is to prepare it for discharge into agricultural drains or for use in irrigation. Treatment removes a large percentage of pollutants, including suspended organic and inorganic solids, colloids, turbidity, odor, and improves color. It also increases dissolved oxygen levels and eliminates microorganisms that cause infectious diseases. The required level of treatment was determined by setting treatment objectives for the project, reviewing all relevant laws and regulations, and finally comparing the wastewater characteristics with legal requirements. This process identified and evaluated available treatment and disposal alternatives. Chemical methods were employed to remove pollutants from wastewater and facilitate reuse. The most suitable alternative, along with optimal conditions and pH levels, was then selected. Pollutants in the wastewater were removed using either physical, chemical, or biological methods, individually or in combination. Engineering and physical treatment methods rely on the natural properties inherent in nature itself, without human intervention. In other words, the forces acting on wastewater are natural forces that humans have observed and discovered within the surrounding environment. Chemical treatment units are always the preliminary and initial units in all wastewater treatment projects. Every project begins with physical treatment units as the first stage of the treatment process. Generally, most pollutants found in industrial wastewater can be removed and disposed of using physical, biological, or chemical methods.

Keywords: heavy metals, Heterogeneous Catalysis, Mechanism of Action, Mixed Oxide Catalysts, Green Chemistry, Density Functional Theory (DFT), Biomass Valorization, Wastewater, Chemical method, Sewage systems, Polluted water

[This article belongs to Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis ]

How to cite this article:
Noor Saad Jafar. Estimating Heavy Ion Concentrations in the Shatt AlKufa Area and Studying Methods for Recycling Wastewater. Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis. 2026; 13(01):17-22.
How to cite this URL:
Noor Saad Jafar. Estimating Heavy Ion Concentrations in the Shatt AlKufa Area and Studying Methods for Recycling Wastewater. Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis. 2026; 13(01):17-22. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jocc/article=2026/view=238290


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 13
Issue 01
Received 11/02/2026
Accepted 09/03/2026
Published 10/03/2026
Publication Time 27 Days
80

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