Grey Relational Analysis of Cuttlefish Bone Particles–Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Year : 2026 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 01 | Page : 239 246
    By

    Manickavasaham G,

  • Elangovan R,

  • Vijaychandran R,

  • Ramkumar R,

  • Poonggazhal Ttk,

  • Annamalai N,

  1. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mookambigai College of Engineering, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India
  2. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mookambigai College of Engineering, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India
  3. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mookambigai College of Engineering, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India
  4. Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mookambigai College of Engineering, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India
  5. PG Student, Department of Computer Science Engineering, MIET Engineering College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
  6. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mookambigai College of Engineering, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

This research examines the mechanical characteristics, water absorption performance, and thermal stability of epoxy composites reinforced with Cuttlefish Bone Particles (CFBP) and glass fibers. Composites were fabricated with varying CFBP contents (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) using an epoxy resin as the matrix material and glass fiber as the primary reinforcement. The experimental results revealed that the CFBP-0 composite (neat epoxy with glass fiber) exhibited the highest tensile strength, whereas the CFBP-3 composite demonstrated superior impact resistance owing to its improved energy absorption capability. The hardness of the composites increased with the addition of CFBP, reaching its maximum value at CFBP-6, which also exhibited the highest flexural strength. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the residual char content increased with higher filler percentages, particularly at CFBP-12, confirming an enhanced thermal stability. In contrast, water absorption also gradually increased with increasing CFBP content, which can be attributed to the hydrophilic nature of the bio-filler. Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) revealed that CFBP-0 achieved the highest Gray Relational Grade (GRG), representing the best overall performance among all tested composites. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations confirmed fiber–matrix debonding, microvoids, and surface cracks, which influenced the fracture mechanisms. Overall, the study highlights that while increasing CFBP content enhances thermal resistance, it slightly compromises mechanical strength, suggesting an optimal composition for a balanced performance.

Keywords: Cuttlefish bone particles, epoxy, glass fiber, gray relational analysis, mechanical properties, thermal stability, water absorption behavior.

[This article belongs to Journal of Polymer & Composites ]

How to cite this article:
Manickavasaham G, Elangovan R, Vijaychandran R, Ramkumar R, Poonggazhal Ttk, Annamalai N. Grey Relational Analysis of Cuttlefish Bone Particles–Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(01):239-246.
How to cite this URL:
Manickavasaham G, Elangovan R, Vijaychandran R, Ramkumar R, Poonggazhal Ttk, Annamalai N. Grey Relational Analysis of Cuttlefish Bone Particles–Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites. Journal of Polymer & Composites. 2026; 14(01):239-246. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/jopc/article=2026/view=237266


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Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 14
Issue 01
Received 07/10/2025
Accepted 27/10/2025
Published 12/01/2026
Publication Time 97 Days
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