Formulation, Evaluation, and Stability Studies of a Topical Clotrimazole and Zinc Oxide Suspension with Enhanced Skin Protective Properties

Year : 2026 | Volume : 12 | Issue : 03 | Page : 22 31
    By

    Ujjawal Tamboli,

  • Pankaj Chasta,

  • Chhaya Deval,

  • Shivam Rongpi,

  • Kamalesh Mistry,

  1. Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
  2. Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
  3. Product executive, Department of Product management team, Malook Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd., South Delhi, Delhi, India
  4. Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
  5. Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Background: Clotrimazole is a well-known antifungal agent frequently used in the treatment of various superficial fungal infections, while Zinc Oxide is a widely accepted skin protectant with soothing, astringent, and antimicrobial properties. Combining these agents in a topical suspension offers a dual therapeutic approach, enhancing both antifungal efficacy and skin protection. Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate, evaluate, and conduct stability studies on topical suspensions containing Clotrimazole and Zinc Oxide, aimed at enhancing skin protective properties while maintaining effective antifungal activity. Methods: By varying the concentration of suspending agents, four topical suspension formulations (F1F 4) were developed. These formulations were evaluated for organoleptic characteristics, pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, and in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Viscosity was determined using a Brookfield viscometer, drug content was determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometry at 261 nm, and pH was measured with a calibrated digital pH meter. The agar well diffusion method was used to assess antifungal activity. According to ICH Q1A(R2) stability studies were performed under both real-time and accelerated conditions for three months. Results: All formulations showed acceptable organoleptic properties and pH values suitable for topical use. Formulation F3 exhibited optimum viscosity, satisfactory spreadability, the highest drug content (99.4%), and superior antifungal activity (22.0 mm zone of inhibition). Stability studies confirmed no significant changes in evaluated parameters over the study period. Conclusion: The optimized formulation F3 demonstrated enhanced antifungal efficacy and skin protective properties, indicating its potential as a safe and effective topical treatment for fungal skin infections.

Keywords: Clotrimazole, zinc oxide, topical suspension, antifungal activity, formulation development, stability studies, Candida albicans

[This article belongs to Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production ]

How to cite this article:
Ujjawal Tamboli, Pankaj Chasta, Chhaya Deval, Shivam Rongpi, Kamalesh Mistry. Formulation, Evaluation, and Stability Studies of a Topical Clotrimazole and Zinc Oxide Suspension with Enhanced Skin Protective Properties. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production. 2025; 12(03):22-31.
How to cite this URL:
Ujjawal Tamboli, Pankaj Chasta, Chhaya Deval, Shivam Rongpi, Kamalesh Mistry. Formulation, Evaluation, and Stability Studies of a Topical Clotrimazole and Zinc Oxide Suspension with Enhanced Skin Protective Properties. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production. 2025; 12(03):22-31. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjodfdp/article=2025/view=236136


References

1. Kumar VR, Rathi S, Singh S, Patel B, Singh S, Chaturvedi K, et al. A comprehensive review on ulcer and their treatment. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2023;39:e20230006. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2023.006.
2. Singh V, Arora S, Akram W, Alam S, Kumari L, Kumar N, et al. Involvement of molecular mechanism and biological activities of Pemirolast: A therapeutic review. New Emirates Med J. 2024;5:e02506882308410. doi: 10.2174/0102506882308410240607053814.
3. Rajput DS, Gupta N, Singh S, Sharma B. A comprehensive review: Personalized medicine for rare disease cancer treatment. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2023;39:e20230008. doi:10.62958/j.cjap.2023.008.
4. Singh S, Chaurasia A, Rajput DS, Gupta N. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system and there future prospective: Are a promising approach for effective treatment? Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2023;39:e20230005. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2023.005.
5. Kumar S, Saha S, Sharma B, Singh S, Shukla P, Mukherjee S, et al. The role of resveratrol in Alzheimer’s disease: A comprehensive review of current research. Curr Funct Foods. 2023;2(2):e121223224364. doi: 10.2174/0126668629269244231127071411.
6. Patel S, Ismail Y, Singh S, Rathi S, Shakya S, Patil SS, et al. Recent innovations and future perspectives in transferosomes for transdermal drug delivery in therapeutic and pharmacological applications. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Oct 24;40:e20240031. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2024.031.
7. Vaghela MC, Rathi S, Shirole RL, Verma J, Shaheen, Panigrahi S, et al. Leveraging AI and machine learning in six-sigma documentation for pharmaceutical quality assurance. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2024;40:e20240005. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2024.005.
8. Kumar S, Saha S, Pathak D, Singh T, Kumar A, Singh K, et al. Cholesterol absorption inhibition by some nutraceuticals. Recent Adv Food Nutr Agric. 2024;16(1):2–11. doi: 10.2174/012772574X285280240220065812.
9. Singh S, Chaurasia A, Rajput DS, Gupta N. An overview on mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems & approaches: A comprehensive review. Afr J Biol Sci (South Africa). 2024;6(5):522–541. doi: 10.33472/AFJBS.6.5.2024.522-541.
10. Ravikkumar VR, Patel BD, Rathi S, Parthiban S, Upadhye MC, Shah AM, et al. Formulation and evaluation of drumstick leaves tablet as an immunomodulator. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2024;40:e20240004. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2024.004.
11. Sharma A, Bara G, Keshamma E, Sharma B, Singh S, Singh SP, et al. Cancer biology and therapeutics: A contemporary review. J Cardiovasc Dis Res. 2023;14(10):1229–1247.
12. Dewangan HK, Singh S, Mishra R, Dubey RK. A review on application of nanoadjuvant as delivery system. Int J Appl Pharm. 2020;12(4):24–33. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2020v12i4.36856.
13. Singh S, Chaurasia A, Gupta N, Rajput DS. Effect of formulation parameters on enalapril maleate mucoadhesive buccal tablet using quality by design (QbD) approach. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2024;40:e20240003. doi: 10.62958/j.cjap.2024.003.
14. Patel SK, Prathyusha S, Kasturi M, Godse KC, Singh R, Rathi S, et al. Optimizing Irbesartan fast dissolving tablets using natural polysaccharides for enhanced drug delivery and patient compliance. Int Res J Multidiscip Scope. 2025;6(1):1181–1190. doi: 10.47857/irjms.2025.v06i01.02542.

Regular Issue Subscription Original Research
Volume 12
Issue 03
Received 16/06/2025
Accepted 21/06/2025
Published 15/08/2025
Publication Time 60 Days
74

Login


My IP

PlumX Metrics