Modern Physics Approaches to Light-Matter Interaction

Year : 2025 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 03 | Page : 10 19
    By

    V. Basil Hans,

  • Sowjanya S. Shetty,

  1. Department of Computer Science, Research Professor at Srinivas University in Mangalore, Karnataka, India
  2. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Economics at Poornaprajna College in Udupi, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Light-matter interaction is crucial to numerous fundamental and applied phenomena in contemporary physics, encompassing quantum optics and materials science. This study examines modern methods for comprehending and controlling the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter, focusing on both theoretical frameworks and experimental progress. The interaction between light and matter is a fundamental aspect of contemporary physics, forming the basis for phenomena that include the essential principles of vision and photosynthesis, as well as advanced technologies like lasers, solar cells, and quantum computers. In the last 100 years, new ideas in quantum mechanics and electromagnetic theory have changed the way we think about how particles and photons share energy, momentum, and information. This field is more active than ever right now because of new materials, theoretical discoveries, and precise experiments. Maxwell’s classical electrodynamics is a great way to comprehend a lot of large-scale optical phenomena. Nonetheless, it inadequately elucidates the discontinuous and probabilistic characteristics of light-matter interactions found at atomic and subatomic levels. The advancement of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and its amalgamation with quantum field theory have facilitated a more accurate characterisation of these interactions, uncovering complex phenomena such as spontaneous emission, stimulated absorption, and quantum coherence. Recent advancements in laser technology, ultrafast spectroscopy, and nanofabrication have established novel domains of light-matter coupling, enabling interactions to be adjusted to occur on femtosecond durations or within nanostructured materials that restrict light to dimensions smaller than its wavelength. These regimes enable researchers to investigate phenomena including strong and ultrastrong coupling, polariton creation, and quantum entanglement in light-matter systems. We investigate quantum electrodynamics (QED), cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED), and strong coupling regimes, in addition to developing fields such as ultra-fast spectroscopy, topological photonics, and light-matter hybrid systems, including polaritons.

Keywords: Quantum electrodynamics (QED), cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED), strong coupling regime, ultrafast spectroscopy, light-matter hybrid systems, topological photonics, quantum coherence

[This article belongs to Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics ]

How to cite this article:
V. Basil Hans, Sowjanya S. Shetty. Modern Physics Approaches to Light-Matter Interaction. Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics. 2025; 14(03):10-19.
How to cite this URL:
V. Basil Hans, Sowjanya S. Shetty. Modern Physics Approaches to Light-Matter Interaction. Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics. 2025; 14(03):10-19. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/rrjophy/article=2025/view=233878


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Regular Issue Subscription Review Article
Volume 14
Issue 03
Received 04/10/2025
Accepted 24/10/2025
Published 15/11/2025
Publication Time 42 Days
106

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