Progress and Prospects of Chromium-Based p-Type TCOs: Next-Generation Transparent Electronics

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Notice

nThis is an unedited manuscript accepted for publication and provided as an Article in Press for early access at the author’s request. The article will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and galley proof review before final publication. Please be aware that errors may be identified during production that could affect the content. All legal disclaimers of the journal apply.n

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Year : 2025 [if 2224 equals=””]25/09/2025 at 11:10 AM[/if 2224] | [if 1553 equals=””] Volume : 12 [else] Volume : 12[/if 1553] | [if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue : [/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] 03 | Page : 9 16

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    Sandeep, Kaushal Kumar, Jarnail Singh,

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  1. Student, Student, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology, Krishna Reddy Mangalam University, Gurugram, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology, Krishna Reddy Mangalam University, Gurugram, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology, Krishna Reddy Mangalam University, Gurugram, Haryana, Haryana, Haryana, India, India, India

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Abstract

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nThe field of active devices has recently shown a great interest in p-type transparent conducting oxides (TCOs). In the realm of optoelectronics, a new generation known as “Invisible Electronics” began with the introduction of transparent junctional devices. In recent years, many different p-type transparent conducting oxide materials with enhanced optical and electrical properties have been produced. These p-TCOs are not stoichiometric and are doped with suitable counter-cations/anions. For p-TCOs, chromium (Cr)-based materials stand out as the best option among all previously employed p-type materials. Despite their electrical properties lie on the insulator side, appropriate doping has been shown to greatly increase their electrical conductivity. In this review, an up-to-date and detailed explanation of TCO materials based on chromium (Cr) is provided. The development of highly efficient p-TCO films could lead in an innovative era in the form of “Transparent Electronics”, as it could pave the way for the fabrication of transparent active devices.nn

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Keywords: Optoelectronics, TCO, chromium, p-type, invisible electronics

n[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”][This article belongs to Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits ]

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[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”][This article belongs to Special Issue under section in Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits (josdc)][/if 424][if 424 equals=”Conference”]This article belongs to Conference [/if 424]

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How to cite this article:
nSandeep, Kaushal Kumar, Jarnail Singh. [if 2584 equals=”][226 wpautop=0 striphtml=1][else]Progress and Prospects of Chromium-Based p-Type TCOs: Next-Generation Transparent Electronics[/if 2584]. Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits. 26/08/2025; 12(03):9-16.

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nSandeep, Kaushal Kumar, Jarnail Singh. [if 2584 equals=”][226 striphtml=1][else]Progress and Prospects of Chromium-Based p-Type TCOs: Next-Generation Transparent Electronics[/if 2584]. Journal of Semiconductor Devices and Circuits. 26/08/2025; 12(03):9-16. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/josdc/article=26/08/2025/view=0

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[if 424 not_equal=””]Regular Issue[else]Published[/if 424] Subscription Original Research

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Volume 12
[if 424 equals=”Regular Issue”]Issue[/if 424][if 424 equals=”Special Issue”]Special Issue[/if 424] [if 424 equals=”Conference”][/if 424] 03
Received 05/07/2025
Accepted 04/08/2025
Published 26/08/2025
Retracted
Publication Time 52 Days

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